Chul Hwan Kim

Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor of Kidney With CD34 and CD117 Immunoreactivity: Report of 5 Cases

CONTEXTnJuxtaglomerular cell tumor is a rare renal neoplasm. Renin immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic documentation of rhomboid crystals are the primary methods of diagnosing this benign tumor.nnnOBJECTIVESnIn this retrospective study, we evaluated the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of 5 cases of juxtaglomerular cell tumor to determine the effectiveness of CD34 and CD117 immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of this tumor.nnnDESIGNnWe reviewed 5 cases with clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural aspects.nnnRESULTSnThree women and 2 men with a mean age of 37.8 years (range, 16-60 years) were included in this study. All patients presented with severe hypertension. All tumors were well circumscribed and ranged from 1.5 cm to 8.5 cm (mean, 4.4 cm). On light microscopic examination, we found solid sheets and nests of tumor cells with oval-to-round nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Low-power microscopic examination disclosed a hemangiopericytic vascular pattern. Immunohistochemistry results were as follows: vimentin (positive), renin (weakly positive), smooth muscle actin (focal immunoreactivity), and cytokeratin (negative). All 5 tumors were immunoreactive for CD34 and CD117. Electron microscopy revealed rhomboid crystals in the cytoplasm. Postoperatively, 4 patients were normotensive and 1 patient experienced persistent mild hypertension.nnnCONCLUSIONSnOur findings indicate that immunohistochemistry for CD34 and CD117 are effective at diagnosing juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor should be considered in the diagnosis of any renal tumors with epithelioid cells and negative initial cytokeratin immunohistochemistry.

In-vivo measurements of the dielectric properties of breast carcinoma xenografted on nude mice.

A developing method of cancer detection is to use electromagnetic waves to compare the dielectric properties of normal and cancerous tissue. Because most of the previous studies consisted of dielectric measurements taken ex‐vivo, this study investigated the advantages of in‐vivo measurements, obtained using the newly developed insertion‐type planar probe, through the measurements of cancer (MDA MB 231), which was cultivated and implanted into the mammary fat pad of nude mice. Reflection coefficients were obtained in the broadband frequency range from 0.5 to 30 GHz, from which broadband complex permittivity data was extracted. Complex permittivity, in addition to other parameters such as conductivity and characteristic frequency, were used to make comparisons between cancerous tissue, normal muscle tissue and fat tissue, as well as comparisons between in‐vivo and ex‐vivo measurements. This study investigated the suitability of in‐vivo cancer detection using microwaves with the newly developed insertion‐type planar probe. Results showed that both sensitivity and specificity of the current method was 97%. In addition, predictive values were 99% for the positive and 94% for the negative, thus greatly enhancing the practicality of this method. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that in‐vivo measurements are highly beneficial in studying the potential of microwaves as a diagnostic tool of breast cancer, especially in combination with the newly developed insertion‐type planar probe.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma arising in the dura mater of the spine.

There have been some individual case reports and a few large series of reports describing the clinicopathologic features of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. This tumor originates from the dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles and is extremely rare in the extranodal location. We report the case of a 68-year-old man who presented with low back pain. A mass was found in the lumbar dura mater and extended to the right epidural space. The tumor was composed of nodules, sheets, and interlacing fascicles of oval-to-spindle cells intermingled with the dense infiltrates of small lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CD21, CD23, CD35, and clusterin, and focally positive for CD68, CD20, and CD79a. To our knowledge, this is the first case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma occurring in the dura mater of the spine.

Comparison of the Mismatch Repair System between Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancers Using Immunohistochemistry

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Approximately 10%–15% of the CRC cases have defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Although the high level of microsatellite instability status is a predictor of favorable outcome in primary CRC, little is known about its frequency and importance in secondary CRC. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for MMR proteins (e.g., MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) has emerged as a useful technique to complement polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Methods In this study, comparison between the MMR system of primary CRCs and paired liver and lung metastatic lesions was done using IHC and the correlation with clinical outcomes was also examined. Results Based on IHC, 7/61 primary tumors (11.4%) showed deficient MMR systems, while 13/61 secondary tumors (21.3%) showed deficiencies. In total, 44 cases showed proficient expression in both the primary and metastatic lesions. Three cases showed deficiencies in both the primary and paired metastatic lesions. In 10 cases, proficient expression was found only in the primary lesions, and not in the corresponding metastatic lesions. In four cases, proficient expression was detected in the secondary tumor, but not in the primary tumor. Conclusions Although each IHC result and the likely defective genes were not exactly matched between the primary and the metastatic tumors, identical results for primary and metastatic lesions were obtained in 77% of the cases (47/61). These data are in agreement with the previous microsatellite detection studies that used PCR and IHC.

Intramuscular Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Diffuse-Type.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TSGCT), a group of tumors that originate in tendon sheaths, joints, bursae, or adjacent soft tissue, were first described in 1941 by Jaffe et al. [1]. Diffuse-type TSGCT are known to be located in the periarticular soft tissue, while pure intramuscular tumors are rare. This case describes a diffuse-type TSGCT located in the hamstring muscle, which was determined to be a pure intramuscular type.

Type and Incidence of Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Korea: 2001-2007

Malignant melanoma involving the ovary is uncommon. Most of the reported ovarian malignant melanomas are metastatic, and only 44 cases are primary. Teratoid elements must be identified in the ovary for the diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma because ovaries normally do not contain melaninproducing cells. However, it is challenging to assess the primary site of ovarian malignant melanoma because it is almost always found in an advanced state, replacing entire ovarian structures, and this makes it difficult to determine whether the lesion is a primary ovarian melanoma. Mature cystic teratoma is the most common benign germ cell tumor of the ovary, and it constitutes 15-25% of ovarian tumors overall. A wide variety of malignant tumors may arise within a mature cystic teratoma, including squamous cell carcinoma (75%), adenocarcinoma (7%), undifferentiated carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and various sarcomas (7%). Malignant melanoma arising from mature cystic teratoma has also been reported, but it is very rare. Here, we report on an uncommon case of primary malignant melanoma arising from a mature ovarian cystic teratoma with multiple metastatic lesions.

Myxoid Liposarcoma with Cartilaginous Differentiation: A Case Study with Cytogenetical Analysis

Myxoid liposarcoma is a subtype of liposarcoma. This specific subtype can be identified based on its characteristic histological and cytogenetical features. The tumor has a fusion transcript of the CHOP and TLS genes, which is caused by t(12;16)(q13;p11). Most of the fusion transcripts that have been identified fall into three categories, specifically type I (exons 7-2), type II (exons 5-2), and type III (exons 8-2). A total of seven myxoid liposarcomas associated with the rare phenomenon of cartilaginous differentiation have been documented in the literature. Currently, only one of these cases has been cytogenetically analyzed, and the analysis indicated that it was a type II TLS-CHOP fusion transcript in both the typical myxoid liposarcoma and cartilaginous areas. This study presents a second report of myxoid liposarcoma with cartilaginous differentiation, and includes a cytogenetical analysis of both the myxoid and cartilaginous areas.