Chung-Hsin Yeh

Female Sexual Dysfunction: Physiology, Epidemiology, Classification, Evaluation and Treatment

Sexual health is defined by the World Health Organization as the integration of somatic, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects in ways that are positively enriching and that will enhance personality, communication, and love. The female sexual response is multifaceted and involves neurovascular, endocrine, and psychosocial factors. Optimal female sexual health comprises physical, mental, and emotional aspects, and these are the context in which a woman experiences desire, arousal, and orgasm. Sexual dysfunction in females is a complex and highly prevalent disease, and is commonly associated with the quality of life. Several factors influence female sexual function, including physiological and psychosocial factors. This article discusses models of female sexual response, defines and categorizes female sexual dysfunction, and identifies therapeutic modalities for female patients with sexual dysfunction.

RAB10 Interacts with the Male Germ Cell-Specific GTPase-Activating Protein during Mammalian Spermiogenesis

According to recent estimates, 2%–15% of couples are sterile, and approximately half of the infertility cases are attributed to male reproductive factors. However, the reasons remain undefined in approximately 25% of male infertility cases, and most infertility cases exhibit spermatogenic defects. Numerous genes involved in spermatogenesis still remain unknown. We previously identified Male Germ Cells Rab GTPase-Activating Proteins (MGCRABGAPs) through cDNA microarray analysis of human testicular tissues with spermatogenic defects. MGCRABGAP contains a conserved RABGAP catalytic domain, TBC (Tre2/Bub2/Cdc16). RABGAP family proteins regulate cellular function (e.g., cytoskeletal remodeling, vesicular trafficking, and cell migration) by inactivating RAB proteins. MGCRABGAP is a male germ cell-specific protein expressed in elongating and elongated spermatids during mammalian spermiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify proteins that interact with MGCRABGAP during mammalian spermiogenesis using a proteomic approach. We found that MGCRABGAP exhibited GTPase-activating bioability, and several MGCRABGAP interactors, possible substrates (e.g., RAB10, RAB5C, and RAP1), were identified using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS). We confirmed the binding ability between RAB10 and MGCRABGAP via co-IP. Additionally, MGCRABGAP–RAB10 complexes were specifically colocalized in the manchette structure, a critical structure for the formation of spermatid heads, and were slightly expressed at the midpiece of mature spermatozoa. Based on these results, we propose that MGCRABGAP is involved in mammalian spermiogenesis by modulating RAB10.

Is OAB Different from Bladder Hypersensitivity and Detrusor Overactivity

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Carcinosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder:A Case Report and Literature Review

Carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of the urinary bladder. This tumor has a char-acteristic admixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. We herein present a case of a carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a 57-year-old woman. She visited our hospital be-cause of painless gross hematuria. A series of studies including intravenous urography, cystoscopic examination, and computed tomography revealed a large bladder tumor. Partial cystectomy was performed. Pathology proved it to be a carcinosarcoma.

Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor:A Case Report and Literature Review

Juxtaglomerular cell tumors are a rare benign renin-secreting tumor. They originate and develop from the afferent arterioles of glomeruli. Due to unregulated renin secretion, they result in secondary hypertension, which is surgically curable. We report on a 45-year-old patient who had 2 episodes of cerebral vascular hemorrhage because of uncontrolled hypertension. After surgical correction, the blood pressure returned to within a normal range. The literature on this subject is reviewed.