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Featured researches published by Chuxia Lin.


Soil Research | 2004

Acid neutralising capacity of two different bauxite residues (red mud) and their potential applications for treating acid sulfate water and soils

Chuxia Lin; Greg Maddocks; Jing Lin; Graham Lancaster; Chengxing Chu

The acid neutralising capacity (ANC) and potential beneficial uses of 2 different bauxite residues (red mud) were investigated. The results show that the ANC is much higher in the red mud disposed of using a dry stacking method at the Pingguo Alumina Refinery (China) than in the red mud disposed of by a wet method using seawater at the Queensland Alumina Ltd Refinery (Australia). The higher ANC in the Pingguo red mud is attributable to its high CaO and low SiO2. An incubation experiment showed that leaching of alkaline materials from the lime-treated sample was much greater than that from the red mud-treated sample. This suggests that red mud may be superior to lime for treating potential acid sulfate soils, which contain sulfide minerals that could take a long time to oxidise and release soluble acid. The effects of 2 acid-filtering systems were tested, both of which used red mud as the main material for removal of acid from passing acidic water. The results showed that the red mud–CaCO3 filter performed better than the red mud–Mg(OH)2 filter. Results from pot trials in Australia further demonstrated that the application of combined red mud and sewage sludge significantly improved the soil conditions for the growth of 5 Australian native tree species, in addition to Eucalyptus paniculata, which successfully grew in the same mine soil amended with the red mud and sewage sludge in previous work of G. Maddocks et al. The results from the pot experiment in China showed that the application of combined neutralising agents (red mud/lime blends) and sewage sludge to the extremely acidic mine soil was insufficient for creating appropriate ecological conditions for the growth of vetiver grass. In this experiment, additional application of zeolitic rock powder significantly improved the growth performance of the plant.


Journal of Hazardous Materials | 2009

Competitive removal of water-borne copper, zinc and cadmium by a CaCO3-dominated red mud

Yingqun Ma; Chuxia Lin; Yuehua Jiang; Wenzhou Lu; Chunhua Si; Yong Liu

Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the competitive removal of water-borne Cu, Zn and Cd by a CaCO(3)-dominated red mud. The results show that the water-borne Cu had a higher affinity to the red mud, as compared to the water-borne Zn and Cd. The major mechanism responsible for the preferential retention of Cu by red mud was the formation of atacamite. It is likely that, initially, atacamite was formed mainly through the reaction between CuCl(2) and NaOH. Reaction between CuCl(2) and CaCO(3) to form atacamite became more and more important with the gradual consumption of NaOH. Sequential extraction results show that the water-borne metals were preferentially associated with the NH(2)OH.HCl-extractable fractions at the early stage of the experiment. With increase in the saturation degree of binding sites on red mud particles by the metals, the proportion of HCH(3)COO-extractable Cu fraction increased accordingly. Water-borne Zn and Cd were also increasingly bound in the HCH(3)COO-extractable forms until the metal binding capacity of the red mud was nearly depleted. After the binding sites of red mud particles were saturated, part of the Zn and Cd previously retained by the red mud was displaced by water-borne Cu, resulting in the release of the previously immobilized Zn and Cd to the solution.


Science of The Total Environment | 2000

An improved analytical procedure for determination of total actual acidity (TAA) in acid sulfate soils

Chuxia Lin; Ken O'Brien; Graham Lancaster; Leigh A Sullivan; David McConchie

An improved analytical procedure is proposed for the determination of total actual acidity (TAA) in acid sulfate soils. The proposed method involves the use of a superior extracting solution, 0.5 M BaCl2, instead of the 1 M NaCl used by Konsten et al. (Konsten CJM, Brinkman R, Andriesse W. A field laboratory method to determine total potential and actual acidity in acid sulfate soils. In: Dost H, editor. Selected papers of the Dakar Symposium on Acid Sulfate Soils. Wageningen: ILRI Publication 44, 1988:106-134.) and improved experimental design to obtain correction factors for calculating TAA. The introduction of a multi-choice procedure also enables increased accuracy of analytical results to be obtained if more accurate TAA estimation is required.


Soil Research | 2002

Effects of Bauxsol on the immobilisation of soluble acid and environmentally significant metals in acid sulfate soils

Chuxia Lin; Malcolm W Clark; David McConchie; Graham Lancaster; Nicholas J Ward

The effects of Bauxsol, an abundant industrial by-product, on the immobilisation of soluble acid and a range of potentially environmentally toxic metals in artificial and natural acid sulfate soils were investigated. The acid neutralising capacity of Bauxsol increased with decreasing pH, which is probably provided not only by basic metal hydroxides, carbonates, and hydroxycarbonates but also by protonation of variably charged particles (e.g. gibbsite and hematite) present in Bauxsol. Simulation experiment results show that the removal of 9 tested environmentally significant heavy metals can be enhanced by addition of BauxsolTM; an exception was Co. The removal of the added soluble heavy metals by the BauxsolTM-soil mixtures shows a preferential order of Pb > Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd > Co > Mn. For the natural acid sulfate soil without added synthesised metal solution, the retention of the investigated environmentally significant metals is in the following decreasing order : Al > Zn > Fe > Co > Mn.


Journal of Hazardous Materials | 2015

Mobilization of heavy metals from urban contaminated soils under water inundation conditions

Miriam Mukwaturi; Chuxia Lin

A microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate heavy metal release from the urban soils heavily contaminated by past industrial activities. The aim was to assess the mobility of various heavy metals under inundation with water. The results show that reductive dissolution of iron and manganese compounds was markedly enhanced by organic matter. However, mobilization of Fe and Mn was affected by the abundance of these metals in the soils. The dissolution of Fe and Mn oxides led to the release of As and Zn that were bound to them. However, mixed temporal variation patterns were observed for As, suggesting complication of As mobility by other factors. It is likely that the added organic matter played a role in the formation of organic matter-Fe(III)-arsenic association, leading to partial re-immobilisation of the liberated As at the latter stage of the experiment. Zn showed a consistent trend where it was initially released with reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn compounds and then re-immobilised, possibly through hydrolysis to form insoluble zinc hydroxide. In spite of abundant presence, release of Pb was limited due to its low solubility under less acidic conditions. It appears that anaerobic environment stabilized the soil-borne Cr by forming insoluble Cr(OH)3.


Soil Research | 2005

Agricultural soils irrigated with acidic mine water: acidity, heavy metals, and crop contamination

Chuxia Lin; Wenzhou Lu; Yonggui Wu

Agricultural soils irrigated with acidic mine water from the Guangdong Dabaoshan Mine, China, were investigated. The pH of the soils could be as low as 3.9. However, most of the mineral acids introduced into the soils by irrigation were transformed to insoluble forms through acid buffering processes and thus temporarily stored in the soils. Different heavy metals exhibited different fraction distribution patterns, with Zn and Cu being mainly associated with organic matter and Pb being primarily bound to oxides (statistically significant at P = 0.05). Although the mean of exchangeable Cd was greatest among the Cd fractions, there was no statistically significant difference between the exchangeable Cd and the oxide-bound Cd (the 2nd greatest fraction) or between the exchangeable Cd and the carbonate-bound Cd (the 3rd greatest fraction). It was also found that there were generally good relationships between the concentrations of various Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd fractions and pH, suggesting that a major proportion of each heavy metal in the soils was mainly derived from the acidic irrigation water. The results also show that the crops grown in these soils were highly contaminated by heavy metals, particularly Cd. The concentration of Cd in the edible portions of most crops was far in excess of the limits set in China National Standards for Vegetables and Fruits and this can be attributable to the extremely high transfer rate of Cd from the soils to the crops under the cropping system adopted in the study area.


Chemosphere | 2011

Plant uptake and in-soil degradation of PCB-5 under varying cropping conditions.

Huashou Li; Longyuan Liu; Chuxia Lin; Shaorui Wang

A 60-d greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the uptake and in-soil degradation of PCB-5 under single cropping and intercropping conditions involving three crop plant species: pumpkin, soybean and corn. Volatilization of PCB-5 from the soil surface was also tested. The results show that while uptake of PCB-5 by the test plant species is possible and the root concentration of PCB-5 had a control on the upward transport of PCB-5 to the above-ground portion of the plants, the PCB-5 extracted by the plants mainly accumulated in the root materials. Phytoextraction contributed insignificantly toward the loss of the soil-borne PCB-5. Volatilization of PCB-5 from the soil was recorded but it appeared that this did not result in a marked loss of PCB-5 in the bulk soil though it might cause remarkable removal of PCB-5 in a thin layer of the topsoil (1 mm). It is likely that the in-soil biodegradation contributed markedly to the observed reduction in soil-borne PCB-5. The in-soil biodegradation of PCB-5 was significantly enhanced under intercropping conditions, which appeared to be related to increased microbial activities, particularly bacterial activities. The soil residual PCB-5 was correlated with the activity of the following enzymes: catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD).


Journal of Hazardous Materials | 2013

Red mud as a carbon sink : variability, affecting factors and environmental significance

Chunhua Si; Yingqun Ma; Chuxia Lin

The capacity of red mud to sequester CO(2) varied markedly due to differences in bauxite type, processing and disposal methods. Calcium carbonates were the dominant mineral phases responsible for the carbon sequestration in the investigated red mud types. The carbon sequestration capacity of red mud was not fully exploited due to shortages of soluble divalent cations for formation of stable carbonate minerals. Titanate and silicate ions were the two major oxyanions that appeared to strongly compete with carbonate ions for the available soluble Ca. Supply of additional soluble Ca and Mg could be a viable pathway for maximizing carbon sequestration in red mud and simultaneously reducing the causticity of red mud. It is roughly estimated that over 100 million tonnes of CO(2) have been unintentionally sequestered in red mud around the world to date through the natural weathering of historically produced red mud. Based on the current production rate of red mud, it is likely that some 6 million tonnes of CO(2) will be sequestered annually through atmospheric carbonation. If appropriate technologies are in place for incorporating binding cations into red mud, approximately 6 million tonnes of additional CO(2) can be captured and stored in the red mud while the hazardousness of red mud is simultaneously reduced.


Journal of Hazardous Materials | 2012

Arsenate immobilization associated with microbial oxidation of ferrous ion in complex acid sulfate water

Yingqun Ma; Chuxia Lin

Chemical, XRD, SEM, RS, FTIR and XPS techniques were used to investigate arsenate immobilization associated with microbial Fe(2+) oxidation in a complex acid sulfate water system consisting of a modified 9 K solution (pH 2.0) plus As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Mn. At a 1:12.5:70 molar ratio of As:Fe:S, schweretmannite formation was impeded. This was in contrast with the predominant presence of schwertmannite when the heavy metals were absent, suggesting that a schwertmannite binding model is not valid for explaining arsenate immobilization in the complex system. In this study, arsenate was initially immobilized through co-precipitation with non-Fe metals and phosphate. Subsequently when sufficient Fe(3+) was produced from Fe(2+) oxidation, formation of a mixed iron, arsenate and phosphate phase predominated. The last stage involved surface complexation of arsenate species. Pb appeared to play an insignificant role in arsenate immobilization due to its strong affinity for sulfate to form anglesite. Phosphate strongly competed with arsenate for the available binding sites. However, As exhibited an increased capacity to compete with P and S for available binding sites from the co-precipitation to surface complexation stage. Adsorbed As tended to be in HAsO(4)(2-) form. The scavenged arsenate species was relatively stable after 2464-h aging.


Chemosphere | 2016

Mobilization of soil-borne arsenic by three common organic acids: Dosage and time effects

Olaronke O. Onireti; Chuxia Lin

A batch experiment was conducted to investigate the mobilization of soil-borne arsenic by three common low-molecular-weight organic acids with a focus on dosage and time effects. The results show that oxalic acid behaved differently from citric acid and malic acid in terms of mobilizing As that was bound to iron compounds. At an equivalent molar concentration, reactions between oxalic acid and soil-borne Fe were kinetically more favourable, as compared to those between either citric acid or malic acid and the soil-borne Fe. It was found that reductive dissolution of soil-borne Fe played a more important role in liberating As, as compared to non-reductive reactions. Prior to the 7th day of the experiment, As mobility increased with increasing dose of oxalic acid while there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in mobilized As among the treatments with different doses of citric acid or malic acid. The dosage effect on soil-borne As mobilization in the citric acid and malic acid treatments became clear only after the 7th day of the experiment. Soluble Ca present in the soils could cause re-immobilization of As by competing with solution-borne Fe for available organic ligands to form practically insoluble organic compounds of calcium (i.e. calcium oxalate). This resulted in transformation of highly soluble organic complexes of iron (i.e. iron oxalate complexes) into slightly soluble organic compounds of iron (i.e. iron oxalate) or free ferric ion, which then reacted with the solution-borne arsenate ions to form practically insoluble iron arsenates in the latter part of the experiment.

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Yingqun Ma

South China Agricultural University

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Wenzhou Lu

South China Agricultural University

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Yonggui Wu

South China Agricultural University

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David McConchie

Southern Cross University

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Huashou Li

South China Agricultural University

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Leigh A Sullivan

University of South Australia

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Yong Liu

South China Agricultural University

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Junhao Qin

South China Agricultural University

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Richard T Bush

Southern Cross University

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