Cindy Davis

Assessing the practical and psychosocial needs of rural women with early breast cancer in Australia.

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to assess the practical and psychosocial needs of rural women with early breast cancer in Australia and recommend strategies to ensure equity in availability and access to cancer treatment for all women. A random sample of 204 rural women diagnosed with early breast cancer was recruited to participate in a telephone survey via state and territory cancer registries. Although the majority of women were satisfied with their provision of information overall, less than a third of participants were provided with specific information on assistance for rural women. Findings also revealed that only 47% of the women who had to travel for treatment received financial assistance, and 13% of these women had difficulty organizing or claiming financial assistance. Furthermore, only 10% of women found social workers to be a source of support.

Breast Cancer Screening Among African American Women: Adherence to Current Recommendations

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer death among African American women, and rates of mammography screening for African American women remain lower than rates for their Caucasian counterparts. The purpose of the current study was to explore the reasons for nonadherence to American Cancer Society breast screening guidelines among African American women who had not received a mammogram within the past year. Participants included 91 African American women between 40 and 84 years of age recruited from churches, housing projects, and a health fair at a historically African American university who had not received a mammogram within the past 12 months. Findings revealed that 36% of participants had never received a mammogram, 43% did not have their breasts examined by their doctor once a year, 55% did not perform monthly self-examination, and 23% did not know how to examine their breasts for breast cancer. The most frequently reported reason for not getting a mammogram was because the participants doctor had not suggested it.

Assessing the support needs of women with early breast cancer in Australia.

The purpose of the current study was to access the degree to which the support needs of women with a newly diagnosed, early invasive, primary breast cancer and their families are being met. A random sample of 544 women diagnosed with early breast cancer was recruited to participate in a telephone survey via state and territory cancer registries. Sixteen percent of women reported not receiving enough support during their diagnosis and treatment, and only 65% of these women reported that their families received enough support. The primary sources of support for women and their families were medical practitioners (eg, surgeons, oncologists, and general practitioner) with very few women or family members utilizing mental health professionals. Given the importance of adequate support when being diagnosed and treated for breast cancer, urgent attention needs to be paid to training medical professionals in providing appropriate support and referrals for their patients.

Social Workers as Patient Navigators for Breast Cancer Survivors: What Do African-American Medically Underserved Women Think of This Idea?

Patient navigation (PN) is a new initiative in health care aimed at reducing disparities by assisting patients in overcoming barriers within the health care system. As PN programs grow around the country, it is important to consult the key stakeholders in the development of these programs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to discuss the needs of medically underserved cancer patients and allow them the opportunity to provide input on models of care to meet their needs. Four focus groups were conducted in three major cities across Tennessee. Research participants (n = 36) were recruited by the staff in area cancer support programs and treatment programs across the state and through recruitment flyers at various treatment centers and community organizations. Findings revealed four key themes in the development of PN programs: (1) the PN needs to address access to quality care issues; (2) the PN needs to address the emotional and practical concerns of the cancer survivor; (3) the PN needs to address family concerns; (4) the PN needs to be involved across the continuum of care from time of diagnosis into long-term survivorship. Oncology social workers have a unique opportunity to meet the needs of medically underserved cancer patients through the PN movement. Our profession is a key stakeholder in this movement. We need to advocate for trained oncology social workers to actively pursue the role of patient navigators to ensure that the needs of medically underserved cancer survivors and their families are met.

The use and acceptability of a one-on-one peer support program for Australian women with early breast cancer

A population-based survey of Australian women diagnosed with early breast cancer examined the uptake and acceptability of a peer support program, the Breast Cancer Support Service (BCSS). We examined the characteristics and perceptions of women who did and did not use the BCSS. More than one-third (36%) had used the BCSS, most of whom first heard of it from hospital staff (36%) or clinicians (16%). Women perceived meeting someone else with similar experiences (53%) as the most beneficial aspect of the program and 89% said they would definitely recommend it to others. The findings suggest that uptake is related to provision of information about the BCSS. Peer support programs appear to be acceptable to both women who do and do not use the BCSS. To ensure that women can choose whether to participate in peer support programs requires strategies that encourage health professionals to provide comprehensive supportive care information.

Exploring the Financial Impact of Breast Cancer for African American Medically Underserved Women: A Qualitative Study

In addition to the physical suffering experienced by cancer survivors, there are considerable financial hardships and access barriers to quality health care. The current study explored the financial burden of breast cancer on African American medically underserved women. Four focus groups were conducted in three major cities across Tennessee. Research participants (N=36) were recruited by the staff of cancer support and treatment programs in the area. Findings revealed that participants’ lack of insurance or inadequate insurance resulted in missed, delayed, or fewer treatment opportunities. The financial burden of cancer was not limited to the acute treatment phase. The women in the current study reported extreme economic hardship resulting from this disease into long-term survivorship. This exploratory study confirms the importance of providing care across the continuum to address the complex needs of low-income cancer survivors.

Defining the Role of the Hospital Social Worker in Australia

This study assessed the role of the hospital social worker during the hospital stay and post-discharge period. Findings revealed that social workers performed various tasks, and the most common concerns of patients were coping and/or post-discharge issues. Findings also demonstrated the complexity of this role in meeting the needs of patients.

Providing social support to cancer patients : A look at alternative methods

Abstract One way in which the psychosocial needs of cancer patients can be addressed is through support groups, which are often recommended to patients by healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Gildas Club in meeting the needs of cancer patients during their first year of membership and whether their experience with this organization was a positive one. Thirty Gildas Club members with cancer completed a semi-structured quantitative and qualitative questionnaire. Findings revealed over half of the sample participated in some type of support group and the majority of participants reported that the support groups were helpful, with only 10% of participants reporting that they did not receive help from the support group. Qualitative data revealed that the most common sources of support outside of Gildas Club were family, friends, and church. Since their initial contact with Gildas Club one year ago, 60% reported no change in their level of depression, 20% reported more depression, and 20% reported less depression. Most participants (57%) had received no counseling for depression, and only 20% were still receiving counseling for depression. Qualitative data also revealed the majority of participants had overall positive impressions of Gildas club.

Equine-assisted therapy and its impact on cortisol levels of children and horses: a pilot study and meta-analysis

Childhood trauma, abuse or neglect impacts the function and structure of the brain of affected children. Attunement with other beings as well as an enriched environment can contribute to normal brain development. The enriched environment of a barn and attunement with an animal may contribute to reductions in stress for traumatised children. A pilot study, using a multiple base line, single case design included four children with post-traumatic stress syndrome (aged eight to ten years) and four therapy riding horses. This study hypothesised that cortisol would correlate between each child–horse pair, using a 12-day intervention that included six consecutive days of riding and grooming. A meta-analysis was completed of correlation levels of four child–horse pairs The weighted mean cross-correlation, controlling for autocorrelation, was 0.23, Z = 3.03, approximate 95% confidence interval 0.23 ± (1.96 × 0.076) or 0.08 to 0.38. The data suggest a need for further research.

Evidence-Based Practice with Families of Chronically Ill Children: A Critical Literature Review

A chronically ill child is financially, emotionally, and physically demanding on the family system. Although researchers have identified a plethora of risks, stressors, and needs of the families with a chronically ill child, there is a scarceness of evidence-based interventions in the existing literature. The purpose of the authors in this study was to critically analyze current treatment and identify the gaps in the available research. Findings revealed that there is a lack of support for empirically tested interventions that can help parents, siblings, and families of chronically ill children. The issues raised within this literature review bring attention to the need for shifts in research from exploratory to evidence based in order to successfully achieve more effective care.