Ciro Augusto de Souza Magalhães

Crescimento e nutrição mineral de mudas de cedro australiano (Toona ciliata) sob omissão de nutrientes

In order to evaluate nutritional requirements and the effect of nutrient deprivation on the development of seedlings of Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis), a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The substrate used was a dystroferric red latosol with low nutrient availability, using 15 treatments and applying the missing element technique. The experiment included two complete treatments (one provided N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn with limestone while another provided N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu and Zn without limestone), besides deprivation of each nutrient (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu and -Zn), one treatment with combined deprivation of B, Cu and Zn, one treatment applying limestone only, one treatment applying N, P, K, S, B, Cu and Zn, without limestone, and one absolute control treatment (natural soil). The following characteristics were evaluated: height, diameter, shoot dry matter and root dry matter, and nutrient content in the shoot dry matter after 150 days. Australian cedar plants have high nutritional requirements, and nutrients P, N, S, Ca, K, Mg and Cu, in that order, were found to be limiting factors to plant development. B and Zn deprivation did not affect plant development. Limestone application was essential for the development of Australian cedar plants. Initial deficiency symptoms were found to be the result of S, limestone and N deprivation.

Sorção e lixiviação de tiametoxam em solos tratados com lodo de esgoto e cultivados com cafeeiro

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sorption and leaching of thiamethoxam in dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAd), dystroferric Red Latosol (LVdf) and Red-Yellow Argisol (PVAd) with coffee under the effect of sewage sludge doses. There was thiamethoxam sorption decreasing at higher doses of sewage sludge in LVAd and LVdf. In the PVAd, sorption was higher in samples that received the highest dose of sewage sludge. At 150 days after the application of thiamethoxam, the compound began to be detected in the effluent, in all soils. Dissolved organic carbon had no influence on the thiamethoxam leaching.

PHYSICAL QUALITY OF SOILS UNDER A CROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST SYSTEM IN THE CERRADO/AMAZON TRANSITION REGION

EN: Integrated crop-livestock-forest (iCLF) systems have gained prominence in the past decades as an alternative of sustainable land use, particularly in regions in which there is pressure against agricultural expansion in protected ecosystems such as the Brazilian Amazon. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of one year of use of the iCLF system in the Cerrado/Amazon transition region to determine its impact on soil quality compared to other traditional land uses in the region (planted forest, crop, forage, and native forest). The results indicated that the iCLF system did not jeopardize the soil physical quality, and only the crop land use affected the soil physical attributes. The land uses with the lowest impact on the physical condition of the soil were the iCLF system and the planted forest. | PT-BR: Os sistemas de integracao lavoura-pecuaria-floresta (ILPF) tem ganhado destaque nas ultimas decadas como uma alternativa de uso sustentavel das terras, especialmente em regioes onde existe pressao contra a expansao agropecuaria sobre ecossistemas protegidos, como e o caso da Amazonia Brasileira. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos apos um ano da adocao de sistema ILPF em regiao de transicao Cerrado/Amazonia, buscando verificar suas consequencias sobre a qualidade do solo em relacao a outros usos da terra tradicionais na regiao (floresta plantada, lavoura, pastagem e mata nativa). Os resultados nao indicaram efeitos negativos do sistema ILPF sobre a qualidade fisica do solo, que somente foi impactada negativamente no tratamento lavoura. Dos usos da terra avaliados, os de menor impacto sobre a qualidade fisica do solo foram o sistema de integracao lavoura-pecuaria-floresta e a floresta plantada.

Crop, livestock and forestry performance assessment under different production systems in the north of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems are a sustainable agriculture system based on the intensification of land use to produce food, fiber and energy and are a priority theme in the public policy of the Brazilian government. The lack of technical and scientific knowledge may be one of the most challenging factors contributing to the low adoption of these complex, integrated systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the crop, livestock and forestry performance assessment under different production systems in the north of Mato Grosso. Ten production systems were evaluated from 2011 to 2015, including crop production (soybean/corn), livestock (palisade grass pastures with Nellore steers) and forestry (Eucalyptus urograndis H13), in both single and integrated systems. Annual evaluations of production components in the crops, forage, cattle and trees were carried out. A negative influence on the grain yields in the fourth and fifth years for soybean and the third year onward for maize was observed as a result of the presence of the tree in the production systems. Forage availability and animal weight gain were increased by the rotation of crop–livestock, while no differences were found for wood individual volume yield among the production systems.