Claire M. Segijn

The Underlying Mechanisms of Multiscreening Effects

Multiscreening, a relatively new form of media multitasking in which people use multiple screens simultaneously, has implications for the effects of persuasive messages due to limited cognitive capacities of people and concurrent modalities of the screens (i.e., both visual). The aim of the study is to examine underlying mechanisms (i.e., recognition, counterarguing, and enjoyment) of the effect of multiscreening on evaluative outcomes (i.e., brand attitude, message attitude, and purchase intention). The experiment (N = 182) showed that both recognition and counterarguing are underlying mechanisms of the effect of multiscreening on evaluative outcomes. Multiscreening has a negative effect on evaluative outcomes by recognition and a positive effect on evaluative outcomes by counterarguing.

Second Screen Advertising: A Typology of Multiscreening

Abstract Purpose This chapter aims to provide an overview and conceptualization of multiscreening in the field of advertising effectiveness. Methodology/approach By means of the multi-dimensions of media multitasking, it is possible to differentiate different forms of media multitasking. This framework is used to describe and explain the phenomenon of multiscreening. The framework consists of four categories each with its own dimensions: (1) task relations (e.g., task hierarchy, task switch, shared modality), (2) task inputs (e.g., information flow), (3) task outputs (e.g., behavioral responses), and (4) user differences. The description of multiscreening per dimensions is completed with a review of recent literature in the field of multiscreening, media multitasking and persuasion. Practical implications Literature in the field of media multitasking often assumes detrimental effects. Practical implications for advertisers are discussed by presenting an overview of the existing literature on multiscreening and advertising effectiveness. At the end of the chapter, a summary of the different dimensions is presented and an answer is formulated to the question: Is multiscreening a challenge or opportunity for advertisers? Research implications In addition to practical implications, this chapter also offers an overview of the current research in the field of multiscreening and advertising effects. By presenting recent literature in this field, it becomes clear where knowledge is lacking. Directions for future research are discussed. Originality/value This chapter is the first to present a structured overview of the phenomenon of multiscreening. It will provide practitioners and researchers with the current status in the field of multiscreening and advertising effectiveness. In addition, the chapter can also be seen as a guide for future directions in the field of multiscreening.

De afbeelding van statusverschillen in sekse en etniciteit in Nederlandse non-fictie programma’s

Door middel van een inhoudsanalyse werd onderzocht hoe mannen en vrouwen van verschillende etnische achtergronden werden afgebeeld in Nederlandse non-fictietelevisieprogramma’s die werden uitgezonden in 2013 op de publieke en commerciele zenders. De resultaten lieten zien dat er een onderrepresentatie is van vrouwen en etnische minderheden in deze programma’s en dat beide groepen vaker in beeld werden gebracht in rollen en functies met een lagere status. Ook in de gespreksonderwerpen werden er sekseverschillenen en statusverschillen waargenomen. Deze verschillen in de weergave van sekse en etniciteit passen bij, nog steeds levendige, aloude sekse- en statusstereotypen.

Media multitasking and the role of task relevance in background advertising processing

People are increasingly combining multiple media simultaneously (e.g., checking Facebook while watching television, listening to the radio while reading). Simultaneously using multiple media with different screens, audio sources, and content is referred to as media multitasking (Chinchanachokchai et al., 2015; Ophir et al., 2009; Voorveld, Segijn, Ketelaar, & Smit, 2014; Voorveld & van der Goot, 2013).

How Related Multiscreening Could Positively Affect Advertising Outcomes

The use of multiple screens, also known as multiscreening, is assumed to have detrimental consequences for advertising outcomes. However, many people are engaging in this form of media multitasking on a daily basis. Therefore, it is important to focus on how to improve the effectiveness of advertisements when multiscreening. The aim of this study is to examine a key facilitator of advertising effects when multiscreening, namely task relevance. In two separate experiments—an online study (n = 280) and a laboratory (n = 185) study—we showed that people who engage in related multiscreening have better brand memory and more positive brand attitudes than people who engage in unrelated multiscreening via attention and subsequent program involvement. The results of the current study contribute to our understanding of multiscreening and advertising effects by showing that multiscreening does not always have to be detrimental to advertising effects. Furthermore, this study is unique because it combines two methodological approaches of multiscreening research.