Clara Araújo

As cotas por sexo para a competição legislativa: o caso brasileiro em comparação com experiências internacionais

This article analyzes a specific type of affirmative action focusing on women, i.e., a quota policy for legislative candidacies, taking the Brazilian experience as the empirical base. Using a comparison with similar approaches to this policy and their results in different countries, the paper evaluates the impacts on legislative elections in Brazil since 1996, when such quotas were adopted in the country for the first time. After concluding that the policy has had little impact on the election pattern of women candidates in Brazil (unlike the experience in other countries), the article discusses possible explanatory factors.

Potencialidades e limites da política de cotas no Brasil

Taking stock of the 1996, 1998 and 2000 election campaigns, this article analyzes the impact of quota policies on electoral outcomes, coming to the conclusion that this initiative has had limited effectiveness in promoting womens access to the Brazilian legislature. From there, I seek to identify some of the factors that could explain this process, as linked to the context and to the political and electoral system. At the same time, I develop some critical considerations regarding the evaluation of these outcomes as the results of male resistance within parties, conceived of in a generic sense. Lastly, I discuss the importance of multi-causal analysis for the understanding of womens political participation

Gênero e a distância entre a intenção e o gesto

This paper analyses the perceptions of men and women on the compatibility between paid jobs and family, from the standpoint of gender relations. Based upon the results of a survey carried out in Brazil in 2004, it is examined whether there is a rapport between more equalitarian perceptions regarding gender and more shared attitudes regarding household work. There is also an attempt to identify the weight and the extent to which various factors (e.g. cultural, socioeconomic, and demographic) are relevant to the existence of values and routine practices that entail the perception of more balanced and symmetrical marital relations.

Partidos políticos e gênero: mediações nas rotas de ingresso das mulheres na representação política

This article discusses the relationship between womens chances for access to political representation, in particular legislative representation, and their forms of participation in political parties. First, we look at types of representation and the party system, as dimensions of the political and electoral system. This is followed by an analysis of the political party system focusing on its organizational and ideological aspects. Based on the analysis of the literature that deals with our topic, we attempt to reflect on some of the institutional factors that within these systems have a negative or positive effect on womens chances to compete for electoral offices and be elected through political parties. This is followed by a second moment in which recent experiences of proportional quotas for the representation of both sexes have been implemented. Through research on the Brazilian case, we attempt to observe how the characteristics of the party system and the conditioning factors that we have discussed can affect the outcome of quota policies. Our conclusions show that womens access to political representation is conditioned by a complex of factors that go beyond the engineering of the political system, although efforts at engineering have an impact and can favor womens entrance into politics to a greater or lesser extent. As research has show, this influence can operate as well over the possibility that the quota system be implemented either more bureaucratically or more effectively by Brazilian political parties.

Rotas de ingresso, trajetórias e acesso das mulheres ao legislativo: um estudo comparado entre Brasil e Argentina

This paper presents some results of the research Ten years of quotas in Brazil - evaluating the effectiveness of the short path to womens access to the legislative. One of the items of the research consisted in the analysis of the relationship between the trajectories of the individuals, the form and the reasons for participating in politics, the role of political parties as mediators of these paths, the way that these aspects are transformed into political capital, and how these trajectories relate to the chances offered by the inclusion of quotas as a specific law. Argentina is taken as a positive counterpoint to the Brazilian case, given the fact that their experience has been considered paradigmatic. Among the results presented, the differences between the types of trajectories and political capital that are strategic, concerning the women from each country, are highlighted; and new forms of capital arising as important to the election. This situation seems to emerge as a result of a second moment of the process of democracy institutionalization in both countries.

TRAJETÓRIAS POLÍTICAS E CHANCES ELEITORAIS: ANALISANDO O “GÊNERO” DAS CANDIDATURAS EM 2010

O artigo apresenta os resultados principais de um survey com candidatos ao cargo de Deputado Federal, conduzido no âmbito da investigacao realizada pelo Consorcio Bertha Lutz durante as eleicoes de 2010. Com base em um questionario constando perguntas relativas a diferentes dimensoes individuais e institucionais em relacao aos partidos, analisa-se dimensoes como trajetorias politicas e eleitorais, estrategias, recursos e dificuldades de campanhas. Em seguida, por meio de determinados procedimentos metodologicos de aglomeracao de variaveis, procura-se analisar perfis de eleitos e nao eleitos. O objetivo e identificar como o genero perpassa e apresenta-se em possiveis variaveis intervenientes nesses perfis. Como os resultados mostram, ha varias dimensoes nas quais a categoria genero faz-se presente, de maneira direta ou indireta, em geral, antes do momento eleitoral em si. O processo eleitoral seria, assim, o resultado de um filtro que antecede mesmo o recrutamento. Conclui-se que os perfis de eleitos, homens ou mulheres, sao semelhantes, mas, considerando que os homens sao amplamente majoritarios entre os eleitos, podese dizer que tais perfis sao fruto de uma estrutura ainda marcada por desigualdades e por valores diferenciados por genero.