Clark T. Rogerson

The hypocrealean fungi (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales).

SUMMARYA brief review of the taxonomic history of the order Hypocreales (Fungi, Ascomycetes) is presented. A modified characterization of the Hypocreales with one family, Hypocreaceae, and the acce...

Studies on fungi cultivated by ants

A collection of 36 fungi cultivated by leaf-cutting ants has been established at The New York Botanical Garden. These fungi grow on a variety of natural media and on a synthetic medium with mineral salts, dextrose, casein hydrolysate, purine and pyrimidine bases and vitamins. Tests of the fungi for antibacterial activity were all negative againstStaphylococcus aureus andEscherichia coli. Only four isolates of ant fungi, each cultivated by a different species of ant, produced basidiocarps on oatmeal agar. Taxonomic studies indicate that these belong to the same species of fungus (Lepiota sp.). Eighteen isolates produced bromatia characteristic of the form species,Attamyces bromatificus Kreisel, one produced a mycelium with clamp connections, and thirteen produced sterile mycelia without clamped hyphae and without bromatia.

BOLETICOLOUS SPECIES OF HYPOMYCES

Ten species of Hypomyces (Ascomycotina, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) occur on members of the Boletaceae (Basidiomycotina, Agaricales). Five new species, viz. H. badius, H. boletiphagus, H. chlorinigenus, H. melanochlorus, and H. microspermus are described. One new combination, H. completus, is made. All species have a proven (five species) or associated (five species) anamorph referable to Sepedonium. The five species grown in culture from isolated ascospores produced hyphomycetous synanamorphs, and synanamorphs have been detected in collections of the other five species. The boleticolous species ofHypomyces (Fries) L.-R. Tulasne (1860) have the features typical of the Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae as given by Rogerson (1970). These are soft, fleshy, globose, obovoid to obpyriform, typically papillate, brightly colored, periphysate perithecia, a basal hymenium of apical paraphyses in early stages of development and a centrum filled with unitunicate asci at maturity. Distinctive characteristics of Hypomyces include: a well developed subiculum; perithecia with a wall composed of a single region of cells with cells of papilla arranged in diverging files, the terminal cells of which are usually en? larged and clavate becoming progressively narrower toward the ostiolar canal and there merging with the periphyses; cylindrical non-amyloid, 8-spored asci with an apical pore; hyaline, fusiform, typically verrucose and often apiculate ascospores that are uniseriately arranged in asci; and a fungicolous habit. Although presence of a well-developed subiculum is a typical feature of species of Hypomyces, considerable variation in density, texture, color, etc, occurs within and between species. Often, when perithecia are mature, the subiculum is not discernible. In the bo? leticolous species the subiculum is at first white and loose, then it becomes dense, cottony, and colored; it does not become compacted and more or less stromatic as it does in some non-boleti

Agaricicolous species of Hypomyces

Thirteen species of Hypomyces occur on gilled fungi. Most are found on members of the Russulaceae; other hosts include Amanita spp., Crepidotus spp., Leptonia strigosissima, and Pholiota sp. Anamor...

A new species of Pénicillium.

SUMMARYA new species of Penicillium, characterized by unusual stroma-like, mostly sterile coremia, is described and given the name Penicillium pseudostromaticum. This species has been isolated from...

Homothallism in an Undescribed Species of Cochliobolus and in Cochliobolus Kusanoi

Perithecia of seven species of Cochliobolus, representing perfect stages of Helminthosporium spp., have been produced in culture by isolates from diseased tissue or from single conidia. The fact that singleascospore analysis subsequently demonstrated heterothallism in two of these species, C. heterostrophus (Drechs.) Drechs. and C. sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur, as well as in C. nodulosus Luttrell, raised some doubt as to the occurrence of homothallism in this genus (Luttrell, 1957, 1958). Cultural studies of single-ascospore isolates, however, have now confirmed homothallism in one of these species, C. kusanoi (Nisik.) Drechs. ex Dastur, and also in an apparently undescribed species isolated from air-borne spores in Kansas. The new species is described as follows:

Species of Hypomyces and Nectria occurring on Discomycetes

Hypomyces papulasporae (synanamorphs = Papulaspora sp., Sibirina sp.), H. papulasporae var. americanus (synanamorphs = Papulaspora candida, Sibirina clavisedum), H. mycogones (anamorph = Mycogone-like) on Geoglossum spp. and Trichoglossum spp.; Hy? pomyces stephanomatis (synanamorphs = Stephanoma strigosum, Sibirina sp.) on the operculate discomycete Humaria hemisphaerica; Hypomyces leotiicola (synanamorphs = Sepedonium leotiarum, Sibirina sp.) on Leotia lubrica, and Nectria discophila (anamorph = ^.Acremonium sp.) on Lachnum spp. are proposed. Nectria albidopilosa and N. discicola, occurring on unidentified, inoperculate Discomycetes, are also described. Hypomyces sepulcralis on soil and possibly on Peziza sp., and Nectria sepultariae, on Sepultaria arenicola, are redescribed. Stephanoma tetracoccum and its Sibirina-like synanamorph, both found on members of the Geoglossaceae, are illustrated and described briefly.

Mycology at The New York Botanical Garden, 1895–1995

A review of the first 100 years of studies on fungi (including lichens) at The New York Botanical Garden is presented.

Some ascomycetes (fungi) occurring on tropical ferns

The new combination Eudimeriolum cyathearum is proposed for Dimeriella cyathearum; the fungus is found on pinnae of Cyathea caudata in the Philippine Islands. Dimeriella polypodii is described from scales on pinnae of Polypodium montigenum and P. madrense in Mexico. Bioscypha cyatheae, on pinnae of Cyathea sp. in Costa Rica, is redescribed. Bioscypha pteridicola is described from pinnae of Cnemidaria uleana var. abitaguensis in Colombia. Crocicreas sessilis is described from pinnae of Cyathea divergens var. tuerckheimii in Mexico.

Nectria atrofusca and its anamorph, fusarium Staphyleae, a parasite of staphylea trifolia in eastern North America

Nectria atrofusca, a parasite ofStaphylea trifolia in eastern North America but extending as far west as Iowa, is redescribed. Its anamorph is described asFusarium staphyleae Samuels & Rogerson, sp. nov.