Claude Camy-Peyret

Retrieval of CO from nadir remote-sensing measurements in the infrared by use of four different inversion algorithms

Four inversion schemes based on various retrieval approaches (digital gas correlation, nonlinear least squares, global fit adjustment, and neural networks) developed to retrieve CO from nadir radiances measured by such downward-looking satelliteborne instruments as the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments were compared both for simulated cases and for atmospheric spectra recorded by the Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases (IMG). The sensitivity of the retrieved CO total column amount to properties that may affect the inversion accuracy (noise, ancillary temperature profile, and water-vapor content) was investigated. The CO column amounts for the simulated radiance spectra agreed within 4%, whereas larger discrepancies were obtained when atmospheric spectra recorded by the IMG instrument were analyzed. The assumed vertical temperature profile is shown to be a critical parameter for accurate CO retrieval. The instruments line shape was also identified as a possible cause of disagreement among the result provided by the groups of scientist who are participating in this study.

Retrieval of sea surface temperature and trace gas column averaged from GOSAT, IASI-A, and IASI-B over the Arctic Ocean in summer 2010 and 2013

The Arctic Ocean is a very important region of the globe in which the effect of climate change can be detected over short time periods. We have used the possibility provided by the three infrared sounders TANSO-FTS on the GOSAT platform, IASI-A, and IASI-B on the MetOp platforms to retrieve the sea surface temperature (Tsurf) and the column averaged mixing ratio of several trace gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, O3) for pairs of nearly coinciding footprints (IFOVs) at small time separations (typically for IASI ~46 min and ~54 min depending on which satellite has first observed the corresponding scene). A strict filtering based on the AVHRR cloud fraction and the radiance analysis within the GOSAT and IASI footprints lead to a large number of quasi-coinciding IFOVs for which a 1D-var inversion (Tsurf and XCO2 as the main parameters in the state vector, plus scaling factors for the profiles of H2O and O3) has been performed. As an example, we used during retrieval the atmospheric window between 940 and 980 cm-1 (CO2 laser band) for which the sensitivity to the surface is maximum. The statistics of the comparison between IASI-A and IASI-B retrievals is presented and compared to the corresponding Eumetsat L2 products. The months of July and August for the years 2010 and 2013 have been considered since in these Arctic summer conditions the ice pack coverage is reduced. The differences between these two consecutive years is discussed and a comparison with 2010 (for which only IASI-A was in orbit) is confirming that IASI can indeed be used for climate change studies.

Four years of IASI CO2, CH4, N2O retrievals: validation with in situ observations from the Mauna Loa station

IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer) soundings for the years 2014 to 2017 over sea surface for the Hawaii region have been used to retrieve column amount of CO2, CH4, N2O. The analysis allowed us to derive CO2, CH4 and N2O growth rates, trend and seasonality, which have been compared to in situ observations from the Mauna Loa validation station. Day and night soundings have been used. During the day, for CO2 and N2O we make specifically use of the IASI short wave band (2000 to 2250 cm-1), which is sensitive to sun radiation. Our forward/inverse module deals with sun radiation using a Cox-Munck model for the bidirectional reflectance distribution function. This makes it possible to exploit IASI soundings in sun-glint or close to sun-glint mode, which improves sensitivity of retrievals close to the surface. The analysis has been performed with our total IASI level 2 processor or τ2IP, which uses the whole IASI spectral coverage, therefore making it possible to exploit the whole information content of data. The code τ2IP also uses a random projection approach to reduce the dimensionality of the data space. Our analysis show that growth rate, trend and seasonality are extracted with high accuracy (we observe correlation with in situ data close or higher than 0.90). After validation, we have applied τ2IP to seven years of data over the Arctic sea basin and computed summer maps (July to September) of CO2 and sea skin temperature. The results show that the increase of skin temperature parallels the increase of CO2 column amount over the Arctic basin.

Progress in static fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: assessment of sifti preliminary performances

The concept of static Fourier transform interferometry at thermal infrared wavelengths is well suited in the case of narrow spectral bands that are looked at for targeted molecular species as CO and O3 for pollution and air quality monitoring, or H20 and CO2 for weather forecast, down to the troposphere. It permits a high spectral resolution and a very good radiometric performance, with the advantage of a static interferometer, including no moving part. Along with other molecules sounded in the UV-VIS domain, as for instance in the TRAQ mission, SIFTI will provide scientists with a complete set for pollution measurements and air quality survey. Our paper presents the principles of static Fourier transform spectrometry, the work led on the instrument performance model and our study of the SIFTI instrument. We describe the instrument, its main dimensions and characteristics, and its architecture and major subsystems. We eventually make a preliminary survey of the SIFTI performance budget items. As a conclusion, we introduce the future CNES phase A study of this instrument that is started in 2006