Claudia Campolo

LTE for vehicular networking: a survey

A wide variety of applications for road safety and traffic efficiency are intended to answer the urgent call for smarter, greener, and safer mobility. Although IEEE 802.11p is considered the de facto standard for on-the-road communications, stakeholders have recently started to investigate the usability of LTE to support vehicular applications. In this article, related work and running standardization activities are scanned and critically discussed; strengths and weaknesses of LTE as an enabling technology for vehicular communications are analyzed; and open issues and critical design choices are highlighted to serve as guidelines for future research in this hot topic.

Modeling Broadcasting in IEEE 802.11p/WAVE Vehicular Networks

IEEE 802.11p/WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) is an emerging family of standards intended to support wireless access in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Broadcasting of data and control packets is expected to be crucial in this environment. Both safety-related and non-safety applications rely on broadcasting for the exchange of data or status and advertisement messages. Most of the broadcasting traffic is designed to be delivered on a given frequency during the control channel (CCH) interval set by the WAVE draft standard. The rest of the time, vehicles switch over to one of available service channels (SCHs) for non-safety related data exchange. Although broadcasting in VANETs has been analytically studied, related works neither consider the WAVE channel switching nor its effects on the VANET performance. In this letter, a new analytical model is designed for evaluating the broadcasting performance on CCH in IEEE 802.11p/WAVE vehicular networks. This model explicitly accounts for the WAVE channel switching and computes packet delivery probability as a function of contention window size and number of vehicles.

Modeling Prioritized Broadcasting in Multichannel Vehicular Networks

Effective data broadcasting is essential in vehicular networks not only for road-safety message dissemination but also to aid routing and cooperative driving applications through periodic beaconing and to spread network initialization advertisements that are mandatory to support infotainment applications. Broadcast data are neither acknowledged nor retransmitted in case of failure, which raises the possibility of frame loss due to channel errors and collisions with multiple simultaneous broadcasts. This paper aims at modeling periodic broadcasting on the control channel of IEEE Std. 802.11p vehicular networks with multichannel architecture. Unlike previous related work, the proposed novel analytical approach accounts for mutual influence among nodes, frequent periodic updates of broadcasted data, standard network advertisement procedures, and 802.11p prioritized channel access with multichannel-related phenomena under various link quality conditions.

Multichannel communications in vehicular Ad Hoc networks: a survey

Vehicular ad hoc networks are the key to provisioning safety-critical and commercial services on the road. Multiple channels are assigned in the 5 GHz spectrum to support these services. In this article an overview of the multichannel architecture proposed by standardization bodies in the United States and Europe is presented. The main contribution is the identification of the open challenges for multichannel coordination, synchronization, and access. Discussions on related countermeasures, fully explored in neither the standards nor the scientific literature, aim to serve as guidelines for designers of future protocols and applications in vehicular environments.

Enhancing content-centric networking for vehicular environments

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a new popular communication paradigm that achieves information retrieval and distribution by using named data instead of end-to-end host-centric communications. This innovative model particularly fits mobile wireless environments characterized by dynamic topologies, unreliable broadcast channels, short-lived and intermittent connectivity, as proven by preliminary works in the literature. In this paper we extend the CCN framework to efficiently and reliably support content delivery on top of IEEE 802.11p vehicular technology. Achieved results show that the proposed solution, by leveraging distributed broadcast storm mitigation techniques, simple transport routines, and lightweight soft-state forwarding procedures, brings significant improvements w.r.t. a plain CCN model, confirming the effectiveness and efficiency of our design choices.

Information-centric networking for the internet of things: challenges and opportunities

In view of evolving the Internet infrastructure, ICN is promoting a communication model that is fundamentally different from the traditional IP address-centric model. The ICN approach consists of the retrieval of content by (unique) names, regardless of origin server location (i.e., IP address), application, and distribution channel, thus enabling in-network caching/replication and content-based security. The expected benefits in terms of improved data dissemination efficiency and robustness in challenging communication scenarios indicate the high potential of ICN as an innovative networking paradigm in the IoT domain. IoT is a challenging environment, mainly due to the high number of heterogeneous and potentially constrained networked devices, and unique and heavy traffic patterns. The application of ICN principles in such a context opens new opportunities, while requiring careful design choices. This article critically discusses potential ways toward this goal by surveying the current literature after presenting several possible motivations for the introduction of ICN in the context of IoT. Major challenges and opportunities are also highlighted, serving as guidelines for progress beyond the state of the art in this timely and increasingly relevant topic.

Forwarding strategies in named data wireless ad hoc networks

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising information-centric architecture for the future Internet that is also gaining momentum in wireless ad hoc networks as an alternative paradigm to traditional IP networking. NDN shares with other information-centric proposals the same innovative concepts, such as named content, name-based routing, and in-network content caching. These principles and the simple and robust communication model, based on Interest and Data packets exchange, make NDN especially appealing for deployment in wireless ad hoc environments, characterized by a broadcast error-prone channel and time-varying topologies.Nevertheless, making NDN-based solutions really effective in ad hoc networks requires rethinking some of the basic NDN forwarding principles to cope with wireless links and node mobility. In this paper, we analyze two classes of forwarding approaches: (i) a minimalist, provider-blind forwarding strategy, only aimed at keeping packet redundancy on the broadcast wireless medium under control, without any knowledge about the neighborhood and the identity of the content sources; and (ii) a provider-aware strategy, which leverages soft state information about the content sources, piggybacked in Interest and Data packets and locally kept by nodes, to facilitate content retrieval.Performance evaluation is carried by means of ndnSIM, the official NDN simulator, that is overhauled for use in realistic wireless ad hoc environments. Results collected under variable traffic loads and topologies provide insights into the behavior of both forwarding approaches and help to derive a set of recommendations that are crucial to the successful design of a forwarding strategy for named data ad hoc wireless networking.

CRoWN: Content-Centric Networking in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Content-centric networking is a new paradigm conceived for future Internet architectures, where communications are driven by contents instead of host addresses. This paradigm has key potentialities to enable effective and efficient communications in the challenging vehicular environment characterized by short-lived connectivity and highly dynamic network topologies. We design CRoWN, a content-centric framework for vehicular ad-hoc networks, which is implemented on top of the IEEE 802.11p standard layers and is fully compliant with them. Performance comparison against the legacy IP-based approach demonstrates the superiority of CRoWN, thus paving the way for content-centric vehicular networking.

Content-centric wireless networking: A survey

Abstract Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a candidate future Internet architecture that gives favourable promises in distributed wireless environments. The latter ones seriously call into question the capability of TCP/IP to support stable end-to-end communications, due to lack of centralized control, node mobility, dynamic topologies, intermittent connectivity, and harsh signal propagation conditions. The CCN paradigm, relying on name-based forwarding and in-network data caching , has great potential to solve some of the problems encountered by IP-based protocols in wireless networks. In this paper, we examine the applicability of CCN principles to wireless networks with distributed access control, different degrees of node mobility and resource constraints. We provide some guidelines for readers approaching research on CCN, by highlighting points of strength and weaknesses and reviewing the current state of the art. The final discussion aims to identify the main open research challenges and some future trends for CCN deployment on a large scale.

Named data networking for IoT: An architectural perspective

The Named Data Networking (NDN) project is emerging as one of the most promising information-centric future Internet architectures. Besides NDN recognized potential as a content retrieval solution in wired and wireless domains, its innovative concepts, such as named content, name-based routing and in-network caching, particularly suit the requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) interconnecting billions of heterogeneous objects. IoT highly differs from todays Internet due to resource-constrained devices, massive volumes of small exchanged data, and traffic type diversity. The study in this paper addresses the design of a high-level NDN architecture, whose main components are overhauled to specifically meet the IoT challenges.