Cláudia Giglio de Oliveira Gonçalves

Hábitos auditivos e comportamento de adolescentes diante das atividades de lazer ruidosas

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar atitudes e habitos auditivos de adolescentes frente ao ruido (ambiental e lazer). Metodo: amostra: 125 adolescentes, ambos os generos, media de idade de 16,7 anos, estudantes do ensino fundamental e medio de escolas de diversos municipios paranaenses. Utilizou-se a versao brasileira do questionario Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS) para explorar atitudes dos adoles-centes diante do ruido e questoes relacionadas aos habitos auditivos e dados demograficos dos adolescentes. Analise por estatistica descritiva, testes de Fisher e Qui-quadrado. Resultados: atitu-des: 40,2% dos adolescentes concordam que barulhos e sons altos sao aspectos naturais da nossa sociedade, 32% sentem-se preparados para tornar o ambiente escolar mais silencioso e 41,6% con-sideram importante tornar o som ambiental mais confortavel; 38,4% dos adolescentes apresentam zumbido e consideram-se sensiveis ao ruido. A maioria (85,6%) dos entrevistados relatou nao se pre-ocupar antes de ir a shows e discotecas, mesmo com experiencias precedentes de zumbido; 75,2%, nao fazem uso de protetor auditivo. Habitos auditivos: 46,4% referiram que ouvem musica com fones de ouvido diariamente e 34,4% ouvem musica com equipamento de som em casa. Diferencas signi-ficantes entre os generos, foram observadas na pratica de atividades esportivas e nauticas e grupo musical. Conclusoes: os integrantes desse estudo apresentam atitudes positivas para o ruido e os habitos mais comuns foram ouvir musica com fone de ouvido ou equipamento de som (casa ou carro).DESCRITORES: Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruido; Adolescentes; Habitos; Atividades de Lazer

Avaliação da colocação de protetores auriculares em grupos com e sem treinamento

Purpose: to analyze the effectiveness for inserting different hearing protectors in trained and nontrained subjects. Methods: we investigated the attenuation for four models of hearing protectors (foam earplugs, three-flange silicone earplugs, olive end earplugs and shell earplugs) by means of two strategies, namely, free-field audiometry and microphone probe measurements, with and without h. p. for comparison and determination of noise elimination. Two groups were evaluated: Group 1, with workers trained (23) in the use of hearing protectors, and Group 2, with non-trained ones (8). Results: in group 1, the differences of hearing thresholds with and with no hearing protectors evaluated by the aforementioned methods, in general values, are greater than those of group 2. Shell earplugs submitted average values higher then those of the other types; and olive-end earplugs submitted the minor values. Conclusion: training for using hearing protectors is necessary and must be included in Hearing Conservation Programs (HCP).OBJETIVO: analisar a eficacia da colocacao de diferentes protetores auriculares em sujeitos treinados e nao-treinados e verificar a importância e a necessidade da realizacao de um treinamento para a colocacao adequada do Equipamento de Protecao Individual auricular. METODOS: investigou-se a atenuacao de quatro modelos diferentes de protetores auriculares (insercao de espuma, insercao de silicone tres flanges, insercao oliva e tipo concha) por meio de duas estrategias: audiometria em campo livre e medidas com microfone sonda, com e sem protetor auricular para comparacao e determinacao da vedacao de ruido. Avaliou-se dois grupos, Grupo 1, sujeitos que receberam treinamento e orientacao em relacao ao uso e colocacao do EPI auricular (23) e o Grupo 2, sujeitos nao-treinados (8) universitarios que nunca utilizaram o EPI auricular. RESULTADOS: no grupo 1, as diferencas dos limiares auditivos sem e com protetor auricular avaliadas pelos dois metodos apresentaram, em geral, valores de atenuacao superiores ao do grupo 2. O protetor auricular concha apresentou valores medios de atenuacao superiores aos demais tipos; e o protetor auricular oliva apresentou valores menores. CONCLUSAO: o treinamento quanto ao uso dos protetores auriculares e necessario e deve ser incluido nos Programa de Conservacao Auditiva (PCA).

Limiares auditivos em músicos militares: convencionais e altas frequências

PURPOSE: To analyze and characterize tonal auditory thresholds between 500 Hz and 16,000 Hz of professional musicians, specifically members of a military band. METHODS: A historic cohort study was carried out comparing one group of 50 professional musicians (military band) with another group (44 subjects) without history of professional exposure to intense sound; the groups were homogenous (p<0.05%) in relation to gender (male) and age (about 35 years old). Tone threshold audiometry for conventional (from 500 to 8,000 Hz) and high frequencies was applied (from 9,000 to 16,000 Hz). RESULTS: Exposure to music triggered permanent hearing impairment. As to conventional auditory thresholds, the exposed and non-exposed groups presented sensorineural hearing loss of 32 and 2.27%, respectively. The subjects exposed to music had 14.54 times more risks of acquiring sensorineural hearing loss than the non-exposed group. After 20 years of exposure to music, significant worsening was observed in auditory thresholds, especially at extended high frequencies, and differences occurred between the groups from the age of 30 on. CONCLUSION: Exposure to music caused permanent hearing impairment, showing differences in relation to the non-exposed group, registered in conventional audiometry and at high-frequency audiometry.

Oficinas educativas como estratégia de promoção da saúde auditiva do adolescente: estudo exploratório

Purpose: Develop and evaluate educational workshop on hearing health and noise exposure adolescents, students of public school. Methods: Intervention study involving 91 adolescents. Educational activity was conduce based on the problem-posing education and as a methodological resource group work in the form of workshops in which young people were invited to reflect on the hearing health and noise exposure in cultural activities (leisure),and environmental education. Was used differents strategies playful and dialogical as: theater, music, conversation wheel, making mural. For evaluation of the workshop were applied two questionnaires, one questionnaire before and another after the workshop aimed at identifying and understandingc an change attitudes of young people against the noise, and the other on the development of the workshop. Results: After the workshops, was observed changes in the understanding of young people, considering the noise as something bad and harmfulto health, however significant differences were observed, the necessary care with hearing related to cultural activities. The students’ perceptions related to the dynamics used in the workshops was very good or goodby more than 80% of the evaluations. Conclusion: The educational workshops showed to be appropriate for health education of hearing students. Changes were observed in the understanding of teenagers, especially the effect of noise on cultural activities. The playful and dialogical strategies proposed in the workshop were accepted and appreciated by adolescents.

Percepção e o impacto da música na audição de integrantes de banda militar

PURPOSE: To evaluate the exposition to loud music, the perception of its intensity and its impact in the hearing of integrants of a military band. METHODS: Sound pressure levels (SPL) at the place where the band rehearsed were measured, a questionnaire was applied, and an audiological assessment was carried out (acoustic immittance measures and pure-tone audiometry). The participants were 50 musicians of the military band of the Parana (Brazil) army, all male, with mean age of 34.9 years and mean exposure duration of 14.2 years. RESULTS: Forty two percent of the participants considered that the sound pressure levels at rehearsals are very high; 76% reported to have experienced tinnitus and 54% had had hearing difficulties; 58% consider that intense music might harm hearing abilities; 32% had hearing loss. The sound pressure levels during rehearsals varied between 90.1 and 110.3 dB(A). CONCLUSION: The studied musicians were exposed daily to high sound pressure levels, which might cause health problems, such as tinnitus and hearing loss. Although the subjects considered the intensity of music as loud, they did not take prevention measures during rehearsals.

Music students: conventional hearing thresholds and at high frequencies

INTRODUCTION Research has shown that hearing loss in musicians may cause difficulty in timbre recognition and tuning of instruments. AIM To analyze the hearing thresholds from 250 Hz to 16,000 Hz in a group of music students and compare them to a non-musician group in order to determine whether high-frequency audiometry is a useful tool in the early detection of hearing impairment. METHODS Study design was a retrospective observational cohort. Conventional and high-frequency audiometry was performed in 42 music students (Madsen Itera II audiometer and TDH39P headphones for conventional audiometry, and HDA 200 headphones for high-frequency audiometry). RESULTS Of the 42 students, 38.1% were female students and 61.9% were male students, with a mean age of 26 years. At conventional audiometry, 92.85% had hearing thresholds within normal limits; but even within the normal limits, the worst results were observed in the left ear for all frequencies, except for 4000 Hz; compared to the non-musician group, the worst results occurred at 500 Hz in the left ear, and at 250 Hz, 6000 Hz, 9000 Hz, 10,000 Hz, and 11,200 Hz in both the ears. CONCLUSION The periodic evaluation of high-frequency thresholds may be useful in the early detection of hearing loss in musicians.

Ruído e idade: análise da influência na audição em indivíduos com 50 - 70 anos

BACKGROUND Age and exposure to noise are among the factors that may cause hearing loss in adults. Both of these factors are considered additives once their combined effects can cause damage to the hair cells of the organ of Corti. AIM To verify whether the exposure to occupational noise is an important risk factor for hearing disorders in adults with ages between 50 to 70 years, besides the auditory deterioration caused by age. METHOD The audiograms of 71 men with ages ranging between 50 to 70 years were studied (cohort study), with the participants being divided in 2 groups (Group 1 with occupational exposure to noise and Group 2 without the exposure to noise) in order to compare their auditory profiles. RESULTS The groups do not present significant differences regarding age (p = 0.321), with most of the participants with ages between 50 and 55 years (48); 14 subjects presented normal bilateral hearing thresholds and all of the others presented neurossensorial hearing loss. An association between noise and hearing disorders was found, with significant differences between the groups for auditory thresholds above 3000 Hz, with Group 1 presenting worse results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The auditory thresholds of individuals with ages between 50 and 70 years are worse for the group that is exposed to noise. Noise is a higher risk factor than age when considering neurossensorial hearing losses.

A eficiência de oficinas em ações educativas na saúde auditiva realizadas com trabalhadores expostos ao ruído

Purpose: the effectiveness’ analysis of workshops on hearing health as proposed educational actions in health workers exposed to noise. Methods: intervention study of 15 male worker exposed to noise in a food industry. Stages: (1) assessment of hearing profile, (2) application of the questionnaire” Beliefs and attitudes about hearing protection” (NIOSH, 1996) – version A; (3) formulate and conduct three workshops covering some aspects of participatory methodology, with the following themes: anatomy-physiology of hearing, effects of noise, prevention, diagnosis of had noise induced hearing loss, consequences of PAIR, noise and its control, use of ear protections. (4) questionnaire application - version B for workshops evaluation. They were compared with seizure or retention of knowledge through the differences in scores found in questionnaires version A and version B. Results: among investigated workers (15), the average working average working time was 31,5 years, all males showed that 40% had noise induced hearing loss bilaterally. After application of the workshops there was a statistically significant improvement in tree thematic areas, namely: a) Perception of susceptibility to developing a hearing loss, b) Perceived benefits of preventive action and c) Changes in behavioral intentions. Conclusion: the pedagogical design of the Participatory type contributed to the reflection of the workers about preserving your hearing and health in the noise. Using the questionnaire of beliefs and attitudes led to the identification of issues that need to be addressed in other educational activities.

Conhecimento da enfermagem sobre cuidados a pacientes disfágicos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva

PURPOSE: to evaluate the knowledge about the care with dysphagia patients from the nurses who work in intensive care units, in order to evaluate their knowledge about dysphagia, and its implications on intensive care unit patients with this clinical complication. METHOD: a quantitative, descriptive and comparative study between two groups of nurses (intensive care and other sectors) working in a University Hospital, who answered a structured questionnaire with questions about dysphagia which was statistically analyzed by Fischers test and the Differences in Proportion. RESULTS: professionals in both groups had an adequate knowledge about the definition and complications of dysphagia, but they did not know about the stages, causes and specific care related to nutrition, medication and hygiene in cases of dysphagia, the self-assessment reported lack of training in conducting some procedures to patients with dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS: the assessment found that there is a partial theoretical and practical knowledge about nursing care to patients with dysphagia, demonstrating the need for continuing education, especially in intensive care. We suggest the creation of the nursing specialization course in dysphagia.

Avaliação do conforto do protetor auditivo individual numa intervenção para prevenção de perdas auditivas

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the comfort of the individual hearing protectors as part of an intervention for prevention of hearing loss in workers exposed to high noise levels, using a questionnaire of comfort assessment. Method: company safety and health records were reviewed, noise measurements were performed, new HPDs were selected, the comfort of the devices was evaluated and audiometric tests were conducted. The study population was 20 workers exposed to noise levels above 80 dB(A). The workers used two types of HPD (earplugs and earmuffs), each for 15 days, followed by an application of the questionnaire after each trial period. Results: 85% of the participants were males and 15% females and their average age was 35 years old. The comfort index for the studied earplug was 4.6, and for the studied earmuff was 6.1. The participants wore the HPDs during their full work shift which lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes. Other barriers were indentified to the use of hearing protection: interference with communication (20%), decreased hearing (10%) and lack of clarity on the need to use it (10%).