Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara

Composition and Acaricidal Activity of the Resin's Essential Oil of Protium bahianum Daly Against Two Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus Urticae)

Abstract The essential oils from two sources of resinous exudates of Protium bahianum obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by combinations of GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two and thirteen components were identified in the oils from fresh and aged resins, comprising 95.8 % and 98.6 %, of the oils, respectively. The aged resin oil contained a high percentage of oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes (85.4 %) with a high predominance of β-(Z)-santalol acetate (83.1 %). In contrast, no sesquiterpenes were detected in the fresh resin oil and it was constituted basically by monoterpenes hydrocarbons (42.4 %) and oxygen-containing monoterpenes (27.7 %), of which α-phellandrene (13.9 %) and terpinen-4-ol (7.4 %) were the major components, respectively. The acaricidal activities against Tetranychus urticae of the resin oil were also investigated. Both oils showed fumigant toxicity (mortality and fecundity), but only the aged resin oil induced repellence.

Molluscicidal activity of some Brazilian Solanum spp. (Solanaceae) against Biomphalaria glabrata

Abstract Plants in the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) produce a great variety of steroidal saponins and glycoalkaloids that confer natural resistance against several pests. Methanolic extracts of 13 Solanum species have now been tested for molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata. The extracts investigated were prepared from the fruit of S. asperum, S. capsicoides, S. palinacantum, S. paludosum, S. paniculatum, S. paraibanum and S. sisymbriifolium, the aerial parts of S. asperum, S. capsicoides, S. crinitum, S. diamantinense, S. megalonyx, S. palinacantum, S. paniculatum, S. sisymbriifolium and S. torvum, and the roots of S. asperum, S. asterophorum, S. palinacantum, S. paludosum, S. paniculatum and S. stipulaceum. Encouragingly, the extracts from S. asperum, S. diamantinese, S. paludosum, S. sisymbriifolium and S. stipulaceum showed significant molluscicidal activity, the median lethal concentrations recorded (20–50 μg/ml) falling well below the threshold, of 100 μg/ml, set for a potential molluscicide by the World Health Organization.

Volatile Constituents of the Leaf Oils of Piper aduncum L. from Different Regions of Pernambuco (Northeast of Brazil)

Abstract The essential oil of the leaves of six samples of Piper aduncum L. growing wild in two different region of Pernambuco, northeast of Brazil (Brejo da Madre de Deus—samples BMD1—3 and Serra Negra—samples SN1—3), were investigated by a combinations of GC and GC/M S. The characterized oil samples from different localities show a high percentage of oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes in both places (BMD1—3: 90.1–90.8% and SN1—3: 95.6–97.5%). Oxygen-containing monoterpenes represented less than 6% in BMD1—3 and less than 1% in SN1—3. Twelve compounds were identified representing more than 95% of each of the oil samples. (E)-Nerolidol was found to be the main component in all the samples being present in BMD1—three in the range of 81.5 to 82.5% while in SN 1—3 79.2–81.2% were found. Despite the fact that some minor components are not present in each oil sample, this investigation showed the same compositions of the major components of the essential oils of these P. aduncum from different region of Pernanambuco. Longipinanol (BMD1—3: 2.4–5.6%; SN1—3: 11.1–13.6%) and epi-logipinanol (BMD1—3: 2.1–2.2%; SN1—3: 2.2–0.3%) are unusual components present in the samples, which could be identified for the first time in the P. aduncum species.

Composition and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Croton grewioides Baill. against Mexican Bean Weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman)

Abstract The essential oils of leaves and stems of Croton grewioides Baill. of the “agreste” region of Pernambuco, Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two components were identified, which represented 99.8% and 98.6% of the total constituents in the leaf and stem oil, respectively. Croton grewioides produced an oil with a predominance of phenylpropanoid compounds, whose principal component was (E)-anethole (65.5% in the leaf and 47.8% in the stem). Other major components found in the leaf oil were methyl eugenol (10.6%) and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (4.7%). Other components identified in the stem oil were (E)-methyl isoeugenol (30.0%), cadalene (8.4%) and methyl eugenol (4.6%). The insecticidal activity of C. grewioides was evaluated against Mexican bean weevils, Zabrotes subfaciatus (Boheman) resulting in a LC50 for the leaf oil, which was 3.4 times less than that obtained from the stem oil.

Volatile Constituents of the Stem and Leaves of Cordia Species from Mountain Forests of Pernambuco (North-eastern Brazil)

Abstract Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from stem and leaves of Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Hmb., Bonpl. et Kunth and Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. et Schult. were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yield of C. globosa and C. curassavica was 0.5% and 1.1% for the stem and 0.6% and 1.0% for the leaves, respectively. Although they belong to the same genus, the chemical composition of the oils from two Cordia species was very different. The main components in the oil of C. globosa were: 1-endo-bourbonanol (20.2% in stem) and linalyl butyrate (14.7% in stem); β-caryophyllene (39.0% in leaves) and α-humulene (12.1% in leaves). Spathulenol (27.1% in stem), trans-sesquisabinene hydrate (11.0% in stem), viridiflorol (10.7% in stem), β-phellandrene (25.3% in leaves), cubebol (23.9% in leaves) and α-pinene (10.4 % in leaves) were the main constituents of the oils of C. curassavica.

Molluscicidal activities of six species of Bignoniaceae from north–eastern Brazil, as measured against Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions

Abstract The molluscicidal profile and brine-shrimp bio-activity of the ethanolic extracts of plants from the Bignoniaceae family were determined. The six extracts investigated were of the stems of Melloa quadrivalvis and Tabebuia aurea, and whole plants of Adenocalymma comosum, Arrabidaea parviflora, Cuspidaria argentea and Clytostoma binatum. When tested in the laboratory, with Biomphalaria glabrata as the test snail, all six extracts gave median lethal concentrations (9–54 μg/ml) that fell well below the upper threshold, of 100 μg/ml, set for a potential molluscicide by the World Health Organization.

Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of the essential oils from fruits and leaves of Protium bahianum daly.

Abstract The essential oils of Protium bahianum fruit and leaves obtained through water distillation were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, and their acaricidal activity was also evaluated using Tetranychus urticae as model. Twenty-nine components were identifed in the oils. The main component of the fruit oil was α-pinene (34.0%) whereas aromadendrene (20.3%) was the major component of the leaf oil. The leaf oil exhibited a higher lethality rate with LC50 of 3.5 μL/L of air after 24 h exposure. The fruits oil showed LC50 of 9.1 μL/L of air and was repellent at 1% concentration.

Toxicity of essential oils of Piper marginatum Jacq. against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor)

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an economically important pest of agricultural and ornamental crops worldwide. It has been shown that many of natural plant-based pesticides have fewer side effects compared with synthetic chemicals. The essential oils of plants have been broadly studied for pest-control, including toxic and repellent effects, antifeedant, ovicidal, and other properties. Essential oils from stems, flowers, and leaves of Piper marginatum Jacq. were evaluated in the laboratory regarding their acaricidal potential against the two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae) and the results were compared with eugenol as a positive control. The oils were also evaluated with regard to the susceptibility of the natural enemy of T. urticae (Neoseiulus californicus McGregor). Based on LC50 estimates, oils from stems and flowers exhibited the same toxicity and differed significantly from the leaf oil with LC50 0.37, 0.56, and 3.77 μL L -1 , respectively. None of the oils tested exhibited toxicity greater than or equal to that of the positive control. The oil mortality rate was significantly lower for N. californicus (50% to 70%) than for T. urticae (> 95%). The P. marginatum oils also deterred oviposition. Among the chemical constituents tested, sesquiterpenes were more toxic with an LC50 of 2.89 μL L -1 than phenylpropanoids Z-asarone and E-asarone with LC50 6.64 and 8.51 μL L -1 , respectively. The acaricidal

Essential Oil Composition of Two Lantana Species from Mountain Forests of Pernambuco (Northeast of Brazil)

Abstract The essential oils of Lantana camara L. and L. fucata Lindl. leaves collected in the region of Mata Serrana in the municipality of Brejo da Madre de Deus in Pernambuco—Brazil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-five compounds were identified in L. camara, representing 99.4% of the leaf oil constituents, while 15 compounds were identified in L. fucata, representing 97.1% of the leaf oil constituents. The major compounds present in the oil of L. fucata were caryophyllene oxide (27.9%), gossonorol (18.2%), β-caryophyllene (12.3%) and bulnesol (10.8%), whereas those in the oil of L. camara were germacrene D (28.6%), germacrene D-4-ol (19.9%), β-caryophyllene (16.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (14.7%).

Seasonal Variation in the Essential Oil of Protium bahianum Daly (Burseraceae)

The essential oils from fresh leaves of Protium bahianum collected bimonthly throughout one year were investigated using GC/FID and GC-MS analyses. The yield of essential oil ranged from 0.2 % to 1.6 %, with the maximum amount in summer (1.6 ± 0.1 %) and the minimum in winter (0.2 ± 0.1 %). A total of thirty-five compounds were identified. Sesquiterpene (from 57.0 % to 98.2 %) dominated the oil content, followed by monoterpenes and benzenoids. There was a significant difference for essential oil composition in the different seasons. For example, caryophyllene oxide (22.6 ± 0.0 % in July and 22.1 ± 0.1 % in May) and α-cadinene (25.3 ± 0.1 % in March) were found to be main compounds in winter season, while in the summer, aromadendrene (21.0 ± 0.1 % in January) and Caryophyllene oxide (20.3 ± 0.1 % in September) and α-pinene (19.1± 0.1 % in November) were the major components. The percentage found for two compound from germacrane group during seasonal variation were inversely proportional and an increase of aromadendrene was associated with a decrease of cis-β-guaiene.The essential oils from fresh leaves of Protium bahianum collected bimonthly throughout one year were investigated using GC/FID and GC-MS analyses. The yield of essential oil ranged from 0.2 % to 1.6 %, with the maximum amount in summer (1.6 ± 0.1 %) and the minimum in winter (0.2 ± 0.1 %). A total of thirty-five compounds were identified. Sesquiterpene (from 57.0 % to 98.2 %) dominated the oil content, followed by monoterpenes and benzenoids. There was a significant difference for essential oil composition in the different seasons. For example, caryophyllene oxide (22.6 ± 0.0 % in July and 22.1 ± 0.1 % in May) and α-cadinene (25.3 ± 0.1 % in March) were found to be main compounds in winter season, while in the summer, aromadendrene (21.0 ± 0.1 % in January) and Caryophyllene oxide (20.3 ± 0.1 % in September) and α-pinene (19.1± 0.1 % in November) were the major components. The percentage found for two compound from germacrane group during seasonal variation were inversely proportional and an increase of ...