Cláudio Augusto Mondin

Novos táxons e combinações em Viguiera (Asteraceae - Heliantheae)

Abstract The genus Viguiera Kunth is represented in Brazil by 35 species. Four new species and three new combinationsof Viguiera in Brazil are presented. Taxonomic comments and information on phenology, geographicdistribution, habitat, and illustrations are also provided for the new species.Keywords: Brazil, “cerrado”, Compositae, Helianthinae, Rhysolepis. Mara Angelina Galvao Magenta 2 , Jose Rubens Pirani 3 & Claudio Augusto Mondin 4 Introducao Viguiera Kunth, um genero de ocorrenciaexclusiva na regiao Neotropical, apresenta, em seusentido amplo, a maior riqueza em especies entre osrepresentantes da subtribo Helianthinae (triboHeliantheae, Asteraceae). A mais abrangente revisaodo genero foi feita por Blake (1918). Atualmente, havarias propostas de segregacao de Viguiera emgeneros menores, com base em estudos moleculares(Schilling & Panero 2002).Robinson & Moore (2004) propuseram atransferencia das especies de Viguiera da Americado Sul para Rhysolepis S.F. Blake, com base em dadosmorfologicos. Este ultimo exibe paleas do receptaculo(ao menos as perifericas das flores do disco) combase acentuadamente gibosa, transversalmentecorrugadas e com apice pungente, cipselas das floresda periferia do disco conspicuamente assimetricas,com carpopodio unilateral e papus facilmentedestacavel, caracteristicas compartilhadas com

Recent Findings in the Chemistry of Odorants from Four Baccharis Species and Their Impact as Chemical Markers

Baccharis is a widespread genus belonging to the Asteraceae family that includes almost 400 species exclusively from the Americas. Even when studied in detail, the taxonomic classification among species from this genus is not yet fully defined. Within the framework of our study of the volatile composition of the Baccharis genus, four species (B. trimera, B. milleflora, B. tridentata, and B. uncinella) were collected from the ‘Campos de Cima da Serra’ highlands of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The aerial parts were dried and extracted by the simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) procedure. This is the first time that SDE has been applied to obtain and compare the volatile‐extract composition in the Baccharis genus. Characterization of the volatile extracts allowed the identification of 180 peaks with many coeluting components; these latter being detailed for the first time for this genus. The multivariate statistical analyses allowed separating the volatile extracts of the four populations of Baccharis into two separate groups. The first one included the B. milleflora, B. trimera, and B. uncinella volatile extracts. The three species showed a high degree of similarity in their volatile composition, which was characterized by the presence of high contents of sesquiterpene compounds, in particular of spathulenol. The second group comprised the extract of B. tridentata, which contained α‐pinene, β‐pinene, limonene, and (E)‐β‐ocimene in high amounts.

Mathematical Modeling of Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation for Native Plants from Southern Brazil

Abstract In this study, a desorption model to predict the essential oil extraction curves and global yield versus time was performed for extraction by steam distillation of three native plants of southern Brazil (Schinus molle L., Drimys angustifolia Miers., and Calyptranthes grandifolia O. Berg). The model assumed that the extractable materials were initially available uniformly in the vegetal matrix and adsorbed on the internal microstructures. The volatile extracts were obtained by steam distillation and the chemical composition was determined. The essential oil yields (w/w) were 0.4 %, 0.3 %, and 0.2 %, respectively, for S. molle, D. angustifolia, and C. grandifolia, and the major compounds identified by CG-MS were α-pinene, sabinene, bicyclogermacrene and spathulenol for all the plants here investigated. The desorption model fitted very well the overall extraction curves.

Characterization of ciliate diversity in bromeliad tank waters from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Bromeliads are a diverse group of plants that includes many species whose individuals are capable of retaining water, forming habitats called phytotelmata. These habitats harbor a diversity of organisms including prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes, metazoans, and fungi. Among single-celled eukaryotic organisms, ciliates are generally the most abundant. In the present study, we used Illumina DNA sequencing to survey the eukaryotic communities, especially ciliates, inhabiting the tanks of the bromeliads Aechmea gamosepala and Vriesea platynema in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. Filtered sequences were clustered into distinct OTUs using a 99% identity threshold, and then assigned to phylum and genus using a BLAST-based approach (implemented in QIIME) and the SILVA reference database. Both bromeliad species harbored very diverse eukaryotic communities, with Arthropoda and Ciliophora showing the highest abundance (as estimated by the number of sequence reads). The ciliate genus Tetrahymena was the most abundant among single-celled organisms, followed by apicomplexan gregarines and the ciliate genus Glaucoma. Another interesting finding was the presence and high abundance of Trypanosoma in these bromeliad tanks, demonstrating their occurrence in this type of environment. The results presented here demonstrate a hidden diversity of eukaryotes in bromeliad tank waters, opening up new avenues for their in-depth characterization.

Novos registros de Heliantheae Cass. (Asteraceae) para o Brasil

Four species of Heliantheae (Asteraceae) found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul are first reported here for Brazil: Acmella psilocarpa R.K. Jansen, Angelphytum grisebachii (Baker) H. Rob., Angelphytum tenuifolium (Hassl.) H. Rob. and Viguiera nudicaulis (Pers.) Baker. Species descriptions and illustrations are presented. Additional information is provided concerning geographic distribution, habitats and phenology.

Molecular Phylogenetics of the genus Hexachlamys (Myrtaceae) using chloroplast and nuclear markers

Background Myrtaceae family includes more than 3,800 species of trees and shrubs, distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Representatives of this family have great ecological significance for forest ecosystems, and are economically important species in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and perfumery industry [1]. The genus Hexachlamys Berg. (Myrtaceae) has about 10 species distributed from the Southern to the Southeast of Brazil, and it also occurs in Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay [2,3]. Since 1968 it has been considered an independent genus. It is distinguished morphologically from the genus Eugenia by pentamerous or hexamerous flowers and exserta radicle, and as many genera and species of the Myrtaceae family, it has a complex taxonomic classification [2,4,5]. The goal of this study was to conduct a molecular phylogenetic analysis among species of the genus Hexachlamys (Myrtaceae) using chloroplast (cpDNA) and nuclear (nrDNA) markers, and to verify its phylogenetic relationships with the genus Eugenia in order to contribute to the systematics and taxonomy of it.