Cláudio Ivan de Oliveira

A terapia cognitiva de Aaron Beck como reflexividade na alta modernidade: uma sociologia do conhecimento

RESUMO - Uma sociologia do conhecimento interpreta a producao do conhecimento como vinculada a situacoes sociais. Partindo dessa premissa epistemologica, nosso artigo objetivou interpretar a terapia cognitiva de Aaron Beck como conhecimento construido e construtor do fenomeno de reflexividade da alta modernidade, conforme interpretada por Anthony Giddens. Nossa hipotese e que a reorientacao do sistema de crencas do cliente, proposta pela terapia cognitiva, e uma forma de reconstrucao reflexiva da autoidentidade, visando superar conflitos tipicos da instabilidade da alta modernidade. Assinalamos aspectos na terapia cognitiva que a identificam com a reflexividade, sobretudo a ideia de que a construcao da autoidentidade e uma tarefa na qual o individuo se engaja reflexivamente. Palavras-chave: terapia cognitiva; reflexividade; alta modernidade; epistemologia da psicologia; sociologia do conhecimento. ABSTRACT – A sociology of knowledge interprets the knowledge production as tied to social situations. Leaving from this epistemological premise, our paper objectified to interpret the Aaron Beck cognitive therapy as a knowledge that is both constructed and constructor of the phenomenon of reflexivity in high modernity, as interpreted by Anthony Giddens. Our hypothesis is that the reorientation of the customer’s beliefs system, proposed by the cognitive therapy, is a form of reflexive reconstruction of self-identity aiming to surpass typical conflicts of the instability in high modernity. We designate some aspects in the cognitive therapy that identify it with reflexivity, over all the idea that the self-identity’s construction is a task in which the individual engages reflexively. Keywords: cognitive therapy; reflexivity; high modernity; epistemology of psychology; sociology of knowledge.

O pensamento em Watson: rompendo com o legado metafísico e buscando uma referência materializante

The work of Watson about thinking was treated inadequately by many interpreters, generating a gap in the history of Psychology, since Watson exerted ample influence on Psychology. Our objective is to elucidate part of this problem by clarifying the main Watson´s positions about the thought. Our hypothesis is that the Watsons theory about thinking as a habit is a form of materializing reference, influenced by the demetaphysization of the Western thought originating from the Iluminism. We admit that his theory reproduced premises of the Cartesian error of category. We also assume that the prioritary association between thinking and language in Watson denounces indirect influences of the classic greek philosophical tradition.

Problemas conceituais da doutrina intelectualista: implicações para algumas explicações cognitivistas

Descartes´ intellectualistic doctrine consists in part in the belief that in order for people to adequately execute a task, they first have to reflect on the rules of good performance that apply to that task. Therefore, good performance on any task would always depend on the individuals consciousness of the prescriptions for the actions, consciousness being understood as an internal process, free from mistakes concerning its ability to perceive the flow of mental life, of admitting for oneself certain prescriptions about what will be done. According to this doctrines interpretation, immaterial life episodes, such as thinking and judging, would be responsible for actions, material life episodes. One of the problems related to this intellectualistic doctrine, according to Ryle, is that many of the so-called intelligent actions are not preceded by any previous knowledge of the applicable principles. Another more relevant problem refers to the fact that such doctrine may generate an infinite theoretical regression, that is, if intelligent actions are necessarily preceded by intelligent theoretical considerations, the latter, in order to be considered intelligent, would also have to be preceded by other intelligent theoretical considerations. Since Cognitive Psychology, represented for example by information processing theories, was influenced by the intellectualistic doctrine, the criticism mentioned previously can also be applied to it. It is suggested that an analysis of the uses of psychological concepts in ordinary language may be useful in solving some of these conceptual difficulties.