Clemens Hetschko

The magic of the new : How job changes affect job satisfaction

We investigate a crucial event for job satisfaction: changing the workplace. For representative German panel data, we show that the reason why the previous employment ended is strongly linked to the satisfaction with the new job. When workers initiate a change of employer, they experience relatively high job satisfaction, though only in the short-term. To test causality, we exploit plant closure as exogenous trigger of job switching and find no causal effect of job changes on job satisfaction. Our findings concern research on workers well-being as well as labor market and human resource policies.

On the Misery of Losing Self-Employment

Using German panel data, this study compares responses of self-employed workers’ well-being and paid employees’ well-being to the loss of work. The empirical analyses show that life satisfaction decreases substantially more in the probability of losing work when self-employed than when paid-employed. It also turns out that becoming unemployed yields a much stronger decline in self-employed workers’ life satisfaction than in paid employees’ life satisfaction. Although these results do not necessarily represent causal effects, they indicate that losing self-employment is an even more harmful life event than losing dependent employment. Further analyses substantiate this conclusion. It is also shown that non-monetary reasons may explain much more than monetary reasons why the self-employed seem to suffer in particular from unemployment. In addition, the difference in the responses of well-being to unemployment between self-employed workers and paid-employed workers originates from varying levels of life satisfaction after terminating work, but not from divergent levels of life satisfaction before terminating work. One implication of these findings is that the potential psychological cost of unemployment might constitute a risk that prevents workers from going into business by themselves.

How Job Changes Affect People's Lives - Evidence from Subjective Well-being Data

For representative German panel data, we document that voluntary job switching is associated with higher levels of life satisfaction, though only for some time, whereas forced job changes do not affect life satisfaction clearly. Using plant closures as an exogenous trigger of switching to a new employer, we find that job mobility turns out to be harmful for satisfaction with family life. By investigating people’s lives beyond their workplaces, our study complements research on the well-being impact of labour mobility, suggesting some positive welfare effects of flexible labour markets, but also a previously undocumented potential for negative implications.

'Income in Jeopardy: How Losing Employment Affects the Willingness to Take Risks'

Using German panel data, we assess the causal effect of job loss, and thus of an extensive income shock, on risk attitude. In line with predictions of expected utility reasoning about absolute risk aversion, losing one’s job reduces the willingness to take risks. This effect strengthens in previous hourly wage, begins to manifest itself as soon as an employee perceives the threat of job loss and is of a transitory nature. The change in stated risk attitude matches observable job finding behaviour, confirming the behavioural validity of our results.

Looking Back in Anger? Retirement and Unemployment Scarring

Previous studies find that past unemployment reduces life satisfaction even after reemployment for non-monetary reasons (unemployment scarring). It is not clear, however, whether this scarring is only caused by employment-related factors, such as worsened working conditions, or increased future uncertainty as regards income and employment. Using German panel data, we identify non-employment-related scarring by examining the transition of unemployed people to retirement as a life event after which employment-related scarring does not matter anymore. We find evidence for non-employment-related non-monetary unemployment scarring for people who were unemployed for the first time in their life directly prior to retirement, but not for people with earlier unemployment experiences.

Modes of Employment and Identity

We review the literature on the economics of happiness with respect to one of the most important areas of life: work. In particular, we document how different modes of employment, such as unemployment, self-employment or part-time employment affect subjective well-being. In contrast to traditional management research, we mostly rely on studies that use large-scale panel data and measures of happiness other than job satisfaction. This allows us to reveal the important part identity seems to play in the life of workers.