Clevison Luiz Giacobbo

Diferentes manejos da cobertura vegetal de aveia pretaem pomar no sul do Brasil

The experiment was managed in the Didactic Orchard of the Agricultural Center of Palma, which belongs to the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). The treatments consisted of 5 different managements of black oat crop cover: incorporation of black oat to soil; chemical management with herbicide; lodging; mowing at 5 cm and control (uncovered soil). The sowing of the oat was accomplished by April of 2002 and the installation of the experiment, by the end of August of the same year. The analyzed variables were percentage of soil moisture at a depth of 15 cm, temperature of the soil at a depth of 5 cm, percentage of organic matter of the soil, soil resistance to the penetration and identification and degree of infestation by weeds. The experiment was managed in randomized blocks, with 3 blocks, 5 treatments and one repetition. The data were submitted to analysis of the variance through F test and the averages compared by Duncan Test. Maintenance of crop covering in orchard propitiated smaller temperature and larger soil moisture; the soil turn-over increased the diversity of weeds and the incorporation of black oat, after 60 days, had the same behavior as the uncovered soil.

Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Physiological Traits of Sugarcane Varieties

The application of knowledge with strong physiological basis of crop yield, allied to genetic and environmental factors, is essential in developing proper practices for crop management aiming high yields. Several aspects determine the performance of a particular crop plant in a given environment, such as temperature, water availability, incidence of pests, plant genetics and management applied. Although it is virtually impossible to control all these factors, plant behavior can be assessed when submitted to different levels of these factors to understand how the responses of the plant to that given stress are formed [1; 2].

Enraizamento de estacas do porta-enxerto de marmeleiro (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cv. EMC, em diferentes substratos, concentrações de ácido indolbutírico e enxertia de raiz

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se testar tecnicas para o enraizamento de microestacas lenhosas de marmeleiro cv. EMC por meio de diferentes substratos, concentracoes de acido indolbutirico (AIB) e a enxertia de raiz. Foram realizados dois experimentos; no experimento 1 testou-se concentracoes de AIB (0, 1000, 2000 e 3000 mg.L-1) e no experimento 2 enxertia de raiz (com e sem enxertia de raiz). Para ambos os experimentos as estacas foram acondicionadas em tres substratos (vermiculita, Plantmaxâ e vermiculita + Plantmaxâ, em proporcao de volume de 1:1) e avaliado o numero e comprimento de raizes e brotos por estacas, percentual de estacas enraizadas e, percentual de sobrevivencia a campo. No experimento 1, verificou-se resposta linear positiva para numero medio de raizes e negativo para numero e comprimento de brotacoes e sobrevivencia a campo, enquanto que nas variaveis comprimento medio de raizes e porcentagem de enraizamento, observou-se comportamento polinomial quadratico, com melhor resposta obtida com 1354 e 2119 mg.L-1 de AIB, respectivamente. No experimento 2, verificou-se que a utilizacao de vermiculita + Plantmaxâ apresentou maior numero de raizes por estaca, quando utilizada enxertia de raiz, porem menor comprimento de brotos. A campo, a melhor resposta foi obtida nas plantas sem enxertia de raiz e oriundas do substrato vermiculita, 93,75%.

Emergência de plântulas de porta-enxertos de pessegueiro submetidos a diferentes períodos de estratificação

RESUMO - Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar a germinacao e o desenvolvimento de plantas oriundas de duas cultivares de pessegueiro ‘Capdeboscq’ e ‘Okinawa’ sob diferentes periodos de armazenamento, em viveiro comercial da empresa Frutplan Mudas Ltda, em Pelotas - RS, no periodo de maio a dezembro de 2009. Os carocos das duas cultivares foram armazenados em embalagens de papel por um periodo de 120 dias, sendo realizados os seguintes procedimentos: 10 dias de temperatura ambiente + 110 dias de frio; 40 dias de temperatura ambiente + 80 dias de frio; 70 dias de temperatura ambiente + 50 dias de frio; 100 dias de temperatura ambiente + 20 dias de frio e 120 dias de temperatura ambiente. Utilizando câmara fria programada para 6 ± 2 °C. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes e 25 sementes por parcela, no arranjo fatorial 2x5 (duas cultivares e cinco periodos de estratificacao). As variaveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de plântulas emergidas, altura das plantas, diâmetro do tronco medido a 10 cm do colo, indice de velocidade de emergencia em campo (IVEC) e dias para obtencao de 70% de emergencia. A emergencia da cv. Okinawa foi proximo a zero, com isto nao foi considerada para avaliacao de plântulas. Para a cv. Capdeboscq verificou-se diferencas significativas apenas para a variavel dias para obtencao de 70% de emergencia de plântulas, 112 a 123 dias, exceto para o tratamento com maior horas de frio que nao atingiu os 70% de emergencia. Conclui-se que os periodos de estratificacao e frio nao se mostraram vantajosos para obtencao de porta-enxertos de pessegueiro destas cultivares nas condicoes em que foi conduzido o experimento. Palavras-chave: Pessegueiro. Armazenamento. Germinacao.

PEGAMENTO DE ENXERTOS DE TOMATEIRO EM DIFERENTES SOLANÁCEAS

This paper aimed to assess tomato grafting on different solanaceous species through two grafting methods. Scions were cut from cultivar Santa Cruz Kada seedlings. A fully randomized experimental design was carried out with treatments in a 9 x 2 factorial scheme. As rootstocks, four accessions of mini-tomatoes (0224-53, RVTC 57, RVTC 20 and 6889-50 Solanum lycopersicum L); two species of wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites var hirsutum ‘PI-127826’ and Solanum pennellii ‘LA716’); other two tomato species [Solanum, cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum) and physalis (Physalis peruviana)] and a control with cultivar Santa Cruz Kada (auto-graft) rootstocks were used. In addition, two grafting methods were evaluated full cleft and approach graft. Fifteen days after grafting, plants were assessed for graft-take percentage; root length; plant height; leaf number; foliar area; root, stem and leaf dry matter; and ratio between shoot and root dry matter. Based on the results, we may state rootstock and grafting interaction had effect on both graft-take rate and plant development. Overall, the studied plants should be recommended as rootstock, except for 6889-50 mini-tomato (S. lycopersicum L.) and S. pennellii. Full cleft grafting was most suitable for cocona and physalis, while the approach method showed better results for the mini-tomato accessions 0224-53, RVTC 57 and RVTC 20, as well as for S. habrochaites.

Simulated drift of herbicides applied alone and in tank mix in grapevine

1 Professor from the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil. 2 Professor from the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil. 3 Undergraduate student in Agronomy from the Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil. 4 PhD student in Agronomy from the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. *Author for correspondence: leandro.galon@uffs.edu.br.

Management of pruning and evaluation in blackberry cultivars in relation to productive characteristics and bioactive compounds

The goal of this work was to evaluate blackberry cultivars in terms of productivity and bioactive compounds. Two experiments were conducted: in the first experiment four cultivars were evaluated (Cherokee, Guarani, BRS-Tupy and Xavante). In the second experiment, the effects of pruning management in the BRS-Tupy cultivar were evaluated with the following treatments: drastic winter pruning (zero primocane), and maintenance of two, three or four primocanes in the winter pruning. Vegetative, productive and fruit quality characteristics were determined, including measurement of bioactive compounds. Among the cultivars, the cultivar BRS-Tupy was superior in terms of productive characteristics, but for content of anthocyanins and flavonoids, the cultivar Xavante stood out (191.97 and 68.44 mg 100 g-1, respectively). Drastic winter pruning produced lower fruit quality. The number of primocanes has a directly proportional influence on the soluble solids content and productivity component. For farmers who want fruits with greater levels of bioactive compounds, the use of cultivar Xavante is recommended; however, for those who aim for productive aspects, we suggest the use of cultivar BRS-Tupy with four primocanes per plant.

Boron foliar application, branch girdling and plant growth regulators on yield and fruit quality of ‘Garber’ pear trees

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of boron foliar application, branch girdling and plant growth regulators on the performance of pear trees cv. Garber. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of different boron rates (220, 440, 660 and 880 mL 100 L-1), branch girdling, and the plant growth regulators Promalin® (benzyladenine + gibberellins AG4+7) (560 mL 100 L-1) and Biozyme * TF (200 mL 100 L-1). The percentage of fruit set, stem length, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh firmness, soluble solids and yield were assessed. The greatest fruit set was observed with Promalin® in both years and also boron and Biozyme * TF in the second year. The use of Promalin® increased peduncle length, fruit height but negatively affected soluble solids. Yield was also increased by this plant growth regulator and boron. Concluding, Promalin® improves fruit set, yield, and fruit quality and boron positively influence yield.