Clóvis Ferraz de O. Santos

A idade adulta do Eucalyptus saligna Smith em, Rio Claro Estado de São Paulo, determinada pelas dimensões das fibras

O presente trabalho, faz parte de um plano de estudo em desenvolvimento, sobre fibras lenhosas de Eucalyptus saligna, Smith no Departamento de Botânica (Disciplina Anatomia de Madeira) desde 1966. Nele apresentamos os resultados da determinacao da idade adulta do E. saligna em funcao da variacao do comprimento e da espessura da parede das fibras nos diferentes aneis de crescimento do lenho, de duas arvores com mais de 20 anos de idade. Os resultados das mensuracoes microscopicas das fibras analisadas num setor apenas e em dois discos tomados ao nivel do D.A.P., nos permite afirmar que nas condicoes do Horto de Rio Claro, as duas arvores atingiram a idade adulta entre o 9.o e 10.o anel de crescimento os quais corresponde respectivamente a idade de 9 e 10 anos. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho nos forneceu informacoes importantes para a continuacao do plano em desenvolvimento, qual seja o estudo de outros fatores (longa e curta duracao) que afetam a estrutura e as caracteristicas dos elementos constituintes do lenho que apresentam valor industrial.

Diferenças entre as dimensões das fibras nos anéis de crescimento determinados no D. A. P. e em níveis diferentes do fuste de árvores adultas de Eucaliptus saligna Smith

This paper deals with the variation of fiber dimentions in growth rings taken at the breast height (B.H.) and at three aditional level of trunk height (10%, 20% and 30% of total height) of two plants of Eucalyptus saligna Smith. Statistical analyses of variance for fiber length, fiber diameter and fiber thikness in diferent growth rings at B.H., 10%, 20% and 30% of trunk height is prsented. Analysis of variance allowed the following conclusion: 1° - Significant diferences were observed for fiber dimentions mean, taken at B.H. and those taken at the levels of 10%, 20% and 30% of trink height; 2° - In any growth rings along the trunk, the fiber length means increased consistently from B.H. to the levels of 10%, 20% and 30% of trink height, however the means for fiber diameter and thikness of the wall decreace from the B.H. point to the leves of 10%, 20% and 30% of trink height; 3° - The results obtained in the present study confirm those obtained by BISSET & DASDWELL (1949) in that the maximum fiber lenght is reached at aproxmately one third of the total height of the trink and also confirm the afirmation made by RUDMAN et al (1969) that the samples taken at the B.H. level are inadequate for qualitative wood studies, specially in raltion with forest genetics investigation.

Mensurações dos elementos do xilema em madeira da região amazônica

This paper deals with macroscopic and microscopic observation and with measurement of xilem elements (fiber and vessel members) of wood stem of Scleronema micranthum Ducke (Bombacaceae Family) from Amazonia region. As this wood does not show any grows rings, the wood was separated in radial direction in five zone for maceration of theses elements. The first zone correspond the sapwood and the other four zone the heartwood. From macroscopic and microscopic examination the author verified that this wood has uniform structure. By statistical analysis of variance the following conclusions was take: first, there is no significative variation between datas in the diferents zones. But one only exception was verified with the width of vessel members which increace its width from medium zone to inside and outside zones of the wood; second, the longest fiber has highest thickness wall (signification 1 %o third, the fibers length has 4,5 increase relatede with the vessel elements length. This point out this elements had a intrusive groing, and so no related with cambial activity.

Morfologia do polém de algumas compostas apícolas

Apresentamos neste trabalho a descricao e estudos das caracteristicas morfologicas dos graos de polem de 14 Compostas apicolas, mais frequentes nas analises polinicas de meis de abelhas, e do polem coletado pelas abelhas Apis mellifera L., por nos verificados. Atraves do resultado das caracteristicas de tamanho e forma do grao de polem, do Amb (contorno do grao de polem em Vista Polar), area polar, espessura da exina, comprimento dos espiculos e numero dos contornos em vista polar, pudemos elaborar uma Chave para identificacao das especies estudadas.

Mensurações dos traqueídos de Pinus Elliottii pelo método microscópico

O presente trabalho trata-se da comparacao dos traqueidos de Pinus elliottii procedida pelo metodo microscopico em material dissociado, empregando-se dois criterios diferentes, com a finalidade de se saber qual dos dois, seria mais vantajoso e mais rapido devido a troca constante de objetivas de aumentos diferentes para se obter os valores dos comprimentos e das espessuras. Pelo primeiro criterio tanto o comprimento como a espessura foram tomadas do mesmo elemento, e pelo segundo as medidas do comprimento e das espessuras nao foram tomadas necessariamente dos mesmos elementos. A analise estatistica provou ser os dois criterios corretos. Sendo o segundo criterio mais, facil e rapido que o outro, ve-se portanto ser perfeitamente apropriado o seu emprego nos nossos futuros trabalhos de mensuracoes dos elementos do xilema pelo metodo normal do microscopio.

O tamanho dos vasos e fibras do xilema-secundário nos anéis de crescimento da Tecoma chrysothrica, Mart.

This paper deals with the macroscopic and microscopic observation of the growth ringe in two disks from the crossing section of wood stem of Tecoma chrysothrica and also deals with statistical analysis of the size of fiber and vessel member in different grow rings of secondary xilem. By statistical analyses of variance the authors verified the following: first, the fiber reaches its utmost length at the 11 th and 12 th grow rings; second, the vessel member reaches its utmost width in the same region as the fiber length. This point out there is certain correlation between the width of vesses member with the fiber length at the same growth rings. There was no statistical signification in the variation of the vessel length and the fiber width.

Variação do tamanho dos grãos de pólen pelo método de acetólise

The author studied the size variation in pollen grains of species in Compositae, Myrtaceae and Leguminoseae (Caesal-pinoideae and Papilionoideae) comparing pollen with and without acetolysis treatment. Pollen grains showed different reactions to the same treatment, according to the diferent species of same family. The increase in size of pollen grains was directional and did not affect their shape.

Anatomia, dos nectános de algumas espécies da flora apícola

This paper deals with anatomical descriptions of some types of nectaries in 27 species of honey plants of Piracicaba, S. P. The material studied was divides in two groups: a) Extra-floral nectaries; b) Floral nectaries. Euphorbia pulcherrima, Willd; showed to belonging to the first group: its nectaries tissue consist of an epidermal layer of cell without stomata and with true gland, with subepidermal cells diferentiated by the thickness of the wall. Among the plants with floral nectaries, the following types has been listed, according the location of the nectary in the flower: 1 - with true glands: a) in sepals, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, L.; Dombeya Wallichii, Bth. e Hk; b) in the stamens tube, Antigonum leptopus, Hook e Arn.; 2 - on the receptacle with nectariferous tissue in the epidermal cell with: a) thickness wall with stomata, Prunus persical, L.; b) thin wall without stomata, Crotalaria paulinia, Shranck; Caesal-pinia sepiaria, Roxb; Aberia caffra; 3 - with a disc located in the receptacle with: epidermal: a) with stomata, Coffea arabica, L. var. semper florens; Citrus aurantifolia, Swing; Cinchona sp.; Pryrostegia ignea, Presl.; b) without stomata and with thin wall, Leojurus sibiricus, L.; Bactocydia unguis, Mart., Ipomoea purpurea, L.; Greviuea Thelemanniana, Hueg.; Dolichos lablab, L.; Vernonia polyanthes, Less., Montanoa bipinatifida, C. Koch., Eruca sativa, L. Brassica Juncea, Co; Eucalyptus tereticomis, Smith.; Eucalyptus rostrata, Schleche; Salvia splendens, Selow.; 4 - in the basal tissues of the ovary, Budleia brasiliensis, Jacq F.; Petrea subserrata, Cham.; 5 - in the base of stamens, Per sea americana, Mill. On the anatomical point of view, most of the types of nectary studied has external nectariferous tissues, located on the epidermal cells with thin periclinal wall and without stomata. The sub-epidermal layer were rich in sugar. Short correlation was found between the structure of the nectary and the amount of nectar secretion. So, in the nectary with true glands, in those with thin wall and without stomata on epidermal cells and in those with stomata, the secretion was higher than in the other types listed.