Clyde W. Summers

Admission Policies of Labor Unions

Introduction, 66. — Constitutional provisions and union practices: exclusion because of race, 67; exclusion because of citizenship, 72; because of political affiliations or beliefs, 75; because of creed, 76; because of sex, 77; closed unions, 78. — Exclusionary devices: initiation fees, 80; apprenticeship requirements, 82; competency tests, 83; license laws, 83; permit cards, 84. — Why do unions deny the right to join? 84. — Economic limitations on exclusionary policies, 89. — Conclusions, 91.

Disciplinary Powers of Unions

The purpose of the present study is to describe the disciplinary practices of unions in order that the extent and nature of this aspect of the problem of internal democracy may be better understood. It is not the purpose of this paper to condone or condemn any particular union practices, nor to discuss any of the legal limitations on union discipline. The purpose is simply to describe what unions do and why they do it. (Authors abstract courtesy EBSCO.)

A Summary Evaluation of the Taft-Hartley Act

In presenting the only over-all appraisal of the Taft-Hartley Act in this symposium, the author of this article evaluates the record of the Act in terms of the aims of its framers in 1947. He concludes that the Act has had far less impact on labor relations than had been desired by its proponents or feared by its critics, and he suggests some explanations for this development. (Authors abstract courtesy EBSCO.)

Law of Union Discipline: What the Courts Do in Fact

THE Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 19591 marks a new era in the legal regulation of internal union affairs. Congress has clearly affirmed the public interest in protecting democratic processes in unions, and it has explicitly protected union members in the free exercise of those political rights essential for self-government. Although Congress has declared the central policy of protecting union democracy and has enunciated essential rights, it has placed on the courts the responsibility of giving body and life to those rights. The rights guaranteed by Title I, the Bill of Rights, are stated in broad terms, and are enforceable through civil suits brought by union members. The courts must give content to those rights and devise remedies to make them meaningful. Title IV, regulating union elections, though more detailed, also contains broad provisions, and again the courts are responsible for giving them meaning and making them effective.2 Although legislative regulation is new, judicial involvement is not, for state courts have been adjudicating internal union disputes for more than sixty years.3 To some degree they have been protecting many of the same rights now guaranteed by the statute. Senator Kennedy, in opposing inclusion of a Bill of Rights, argued that broader protection of these rights was already

Labored Relations: Law, Politics, and the NLRB. A Memoir

From 1994 to 1998, William B. Gould IV served as Chairman of the National Labor Relations Board. One of only three NLRB Chairmen to come from an academic background, he quickly realized that he was an outsider in a very political world. In this compelling memoir, Gould describes the tribulations of trying to assure impartial administration of federal labor laws while faced with a hostile, Republican Congress. He describes his difficult confirmation process and wrenching Congressional hearings, particularly the one over Proposition 226, a ballot initiative that required unions to get explicit authorization from all represented workers prior to expending dues for political purposes. He tells how the behavior of both Board members and members of Congress, guided by self-interest and rigid ideology, contributed to the Boards problems. He also recounts the positive strides the NLRB made during his tenure, despite the turmoil. The book provides an insiders view of what goes on behind the closed doors in our nations capital, including discussions with members of Congress, the White House, and President Bill Clinton.

Book Review: International and Comparative: Industrial Relations under Liberal DemocracyIndustrial Relations Under Liberal Democracy. By AdamsRoy J.. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1995. xi, 219 pp. ISBN 1-57003-019-7,

duction as well as policy consideration of the broader employment effects of new production organization. This book closes the chapter on Uddevallas heroic experiment. It helps the sympathetic reader understand what really happened there, and it dr-aws out the positive lessons of Uddevalla for the very unfinished chapter of ongoing worldwide production and work reorganization in todays turbulent markets.