Colette Sylvie Azandjeme

Growing Burden of Diabetes in Sub- Saharan Africa: Contribution of Pesticides ?

The diabetes burden is growing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The low overall access to health care has been documented to contribute to the high diabetes-related mortality. Due to economic, demographic, epidemiological and nutrition transitions in SSA, the growing prevalence of diabetes appears to be related to obesogenic lifestyles and the intergenerational impact of malnutrition in women of childbearing age. Both overnutrition and undernutrition have been associated with the development of diabetes and other chronic diseases. Africans are also suspected of being genetically predisposed to diabetes. According to existing data in developed countries, exposure to pesticides, particularly organochlorines and metabolites, is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities. In African countries, pesticide exposure levels often appear much higher than in developed countries. Furthermore, undernutrition, which is still highly prevalent in SSA, could increase susceptibility to the adverse effects of organic pollutants. Therefore, the growing and inadequate use of pesticides may well represent an additional risk factor for diabetes in SSA. Additionally, high exposure to pesticides in African infants in utero and during the perinatal period may increase the intergenerational risk of developing diabetes in SSA.

Profil lipidique des personnes vivant avec le VIH sous antirétroviral suivis au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ouémé-Plateaux (CHU-O/P) de Porto-Novo, Bénin

Au regard des connaissances actuelles, aucune etude n’est disponible au Benin sur le profil lipidique des personnes vivant avec le VIH. L’objectif de la presente etude est de decrire le profil lipidique des personnes vivant avec le VIH sous antiretroviral suivies au CHU-O/P de Porto-Novo. Il s’est agi d’une etude transversale, descriptive et analytique. La population d’etude a ete constituee les personnes vivant avec le VIH sous antiretroviral suivies CHU-O/P de Porto-Novo. La collecte des donnees a ete faite a la base d’une fiche de collecte chez les personnes eligibles et ayant donne leur consentement. Le profil lipidique a ete apprecie par le bilan lipidique realise chez les patients a jeun. Au total 244 patients ont ete inclus dans l’etude. On a note une predominance des femmes (74,6%). La moyenne d’âge etait de 40,7 ± 9,71 ans. L’hypercholesterolemie totale a ete observee chez 101 patients (41,39%), l’hypercholesterolemie LDL chez 84 patients (34,83%), l’hypocholesterolemie HDL chez 68 patients (27,87%) et l’hypertriglyceridemie chez 44 patients (18,03%). Le rapport triglyceridemie sur cholesterolemie HDL est eleve chez 45 patients (18,44%). Le surpoids a ete associe aux dyslipidemies. Le profil lipidique des patients infectes par le VIH et sous antiretroviral de la presente etude est caracterise par la presence des dyslipidemies favorisees par le surpoids. Mots cles : Profil lipidique, PVVIH, Porto-Novo, Benin.

Assessment of the Performance of Out-patient Acute Malnutrition Management in Children under 5 Years in the Northern Benin Setting

Aims: To assess the performance of out-patient acute malnutrition management in children under 5 years. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Northern Benin, health district of Djougou-Ouake-Copargo, from 1 Original Research Article Paraïso et al.; IJTDH, 19(4): 1-11, 2016; Article no.IJTDH.27752 2 to 30 June, 2014. Methodology: Fifteen functional out-patient malnutrition management centres (out the 27 existing) were included in the study. Data on acute malnutrition management were collected in thirty skilled health workers by using questionnaire and observation. Data were also collected in 296 children who suffered from acute malnutrition through medical records, reference documents and supervisions note books. The performance of out-patient acute malnutrition management was assessed through three components “input/resources”, “process” and “results” using predetermined score of two scales seeking for achievement of criterions according to WHO reference for the evaluation of the performance of the health system. Results: The performance of the out-patient management of acute malnutrition in the health district was rated low. Conclusion: The performance of out-patient management of acute malnutrition in the health district was suboptimal. Adequate monitoring of malnourished treated child and a greater mobilization of community volunteers in the active search of drop out patients are required to improve the performance of out-patient management of acute malnutrition in health district of Djougou-CopargoOuaké in Benin.