Constantinos Panoulis

The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug “U-74389G” on Haemoglobin Levels Following a Hypoxemia/ Re-oxygenation Protocol in Rats

Abstract Critically ill patients usually present with circulatory hypoxemia and this is associated with a poorer prognosis. The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of U-74389G with specific regard to a hypoxemia/re-oxygenation protocol, on mean blood haemoglobin (Hgb) levels in rats. Materials and methods: Forty rats (mean weight 231.9 g) were used in the study. Hgb levels were measured at sixty minutes (groups A and C) and at 120 minutes (groups B and D) of re-oxygenation. U-74389G was administered only in groups C and D. Results: U-74389G administration non-significantly increased the Hgb levels by 3.95+2.10% (p=0.0604). Re-oxygenation time non-significantly increased the Hgb levels by 3.39+2.12% (p=0.1285). U-74389G administration and reoxygenation time together, significantly increased the Hgb levels by 2.55%+1.25% (p=0.0423). Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that U-74389G administration, re-oxygenation time, but mainly their interaction significantly increase the Hgb levels within the studied time limits.

The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug “U-74389G” on Creatinine Levels during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G” on a rat model using an ischemia reperfusion protocol. The effect of U-74389G was studied biochemically by measuring mean blood creatinine levels. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were used in the study. Creatinine levels were measured at 60 min of reperfusion (groups A and C) or at 120 min of reperfusion (groups B and D), where groups A and B were controls and groups C and D received U-74389G administration. Results: U-74389G administration significantly decreased the predicted creatinine levels by 21.02 ± 5.06% (p = 0.0001). Reperfusion time non-significantly increased the predicted creatinine levels by 4.20 ± 6.12% (p = 0.4103). However, U-74389G administration and reperfusion time together produced a significant combined effect in decreasing the predicted creatinine levels by 11.69 ± 3.16% (p = 0.0005). Conclusion: Independent of reperfusion time, U-74389G administration significantly decreased the creatinine levels in an ischemic rat model. This study demonstrates that short-term U-74389G administration improves renal function by increasing creatinine excretion.

The effect of erythropoietin on serum uric acid levels during renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effect of erythropoietin on a rat model, particularly under a renal ischemia reperfusion protocol. The beneficial or lack of effects of that molecule on the excreted renal product of serum uric acid were studied biochemically. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty rats were used with a mean weight of 247.7 gr. Serum uric acid levels were measured measured at 60 min after reperfusion (Groups A and C) and at 120 min after reperfusion (groups B and D). RESULTS 1) Erythropoietin administration non-significantly decreased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.02 mg/dL [-0.2415423 mg/dL-0.2015423 mg/dL] (p=0.8560), in accordance with the paired t-test (p=0.8438). Reperfusion time non-significantly increased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.17 mg/dL [-0.0444933 mg/dL-0.3844933 mg/dL] (p=0.1169), in accordance with the paired t-test (p=0.1648). 3) The interaction of erythropoietin administration and reperfusion time non-significantly increased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.1 mg/dL [-0.0295564 mg/dL-0.2295564 mg/dL] (p=0.1264). CONCLUSION Erythropoietin administration, reperfusion time and their interaction have no significant short-term alterations on serum uric acid levels. Conclusions cannot be extracted by non-significant p-values within 2 hours. Obviously, longer study times may permit safer results.

The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Uric Acid Levels during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Abstract This experimental study examined the effect of the anti-oxidant drug U-74389G in a rat model using a renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) protocol. The effects of the molecule were studied biochemically by assessing mean serum uric acid levels (SUA). In total, 40 rats (mean weight = 231.875 g) were used in the study. SUA levels were measured at 60 min of reperfusion for groups A and C and at 120 min of reperfusion for groups B and D. The drug U-74389G was administered only in groups C and D. U-74389G administration non-significantly increased the SUA levels by 15.43%±9.10% (p=0.096) at the representative endpoint of 1.5 h. The reperfusion time non-significantly decreased the SUA levels by 13.61%±9.18% (p=0.126). However, the interaction of U-74389G administration and reperfusion time non-significantly increased the SUA levels by 4.78%±5.64% (p= 0.387). Whether it interacted with the reperfusion time, U-74389G administration non-significantly increased SUA levels. It seems that U-74389G cannot reverse injury to IR tubular epithelial cells within 2 hours.

The effect of erythropoietin on phosphorus levels during hypoxia reoxygenation injury in rats

Abstract Background: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) in a rat model and particularly in a hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) protocol. The beneficial effect or non-effectiveness of that molecule were studied biochemically using blood mean phosphorus (P) levels. Methods: Forty rats of mean weight 247.7 g were used in the study. P levels were measured at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min (groups B and D) from reoxygenation. Epo was administered only in groups C and D. Results: Epo administration non-significantly increased P levels by 3.95%±3.35% (p=0.2100). Reperfusion time non-significantly decreased P levels by 0.35%±3.40% (p=0.9041). However, Epo administration and reperfusion time together produced a non-significant combined effect in increasing P levels by 2.45%±2.01% (p=0.2168). Conclusion: Epo administration, interacting or not with reperfusion time, has non-significant short-term increasing effects on P levels.

The acute effect of erythropoietin on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels during hypoxia - reoxygenation injury in rats

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of erythropoietin on rat model and particularly in an hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) protocol. The effect of that molecule was studied hematologically using mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels. Materials and Methods: 40 rats of mean weight 247.7 g were used in the study. MCHC levels were measured at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min (groups B and D) of reoxygenation. Erythropoietin (Epo) was administered only in groups C and D. Results: Epo administration significantly increased the MCHC levels by 1.73% +0.50% (P = 0.006). Reoxygenation time non-significantly increased the MCHC levels by 0.17%+0.56% (P = 0.7555). However, erythropoietin administration and reoxygenation time together produced a significant combined effect in increasing the MCHC levels by 0.89% +0.31% (P = 0.0061). Conclusion: Erythropoietin administration whether it interacted or not with reoxygenation time has significant increasing short - term effects on recovery pathophysiology of MCHC levels.

The Acute Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Levels During Hypoxia Reoxygenation Injury in Rats.

Abstract The AIM of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G” in a rat model of hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) using the previously established protocol. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mean red blood cell distribution width (RDW) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 rats of a mean weight of 231.875 g were employed in the study. RDW levels were determined at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min (groups B and D) after starting the reoxygenation. Groups A and B received no drugs, whereas rats from groups C and D were administered with U-74389G. RESULTS: demonstrated that U-74389G administration significantly decreased the RDW levels by 4.96% + 2.27% (p = 0.0175). Reoxygenation time non-significantly decreased the RDW levels by 0.27% + 2.41% (p = 0.8889). Together, U-74389G administration and reoxygenation time non-significantly decreased the RDW levels by 2.54% + 1.39% (p = 0.0679). CONCLUSIONS: U-74389G administration particulary in concert without reperfusion declines the RDW levels even within the short - time context of 1.5 hours reperfusion.

The effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G” on acid phosphatase levels during ischemia reperfusion injury in rats -

Introduction: This experimental study examined the effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G”, on a rat model and particularly in an ischemia - reperfusion protocol. The effects of that molecule were studied biochemically using blood mean acid phosphatase (ACP) levels. Methods: 40 rats of mean weight 231.875 g were used in the study. ACP levels were measured at 60 min of reperfusion (groups A and C) and at 120 min of reperfusion (groups B and D). Administration of the drug U-74389G was predicted only for groups C and D. Results: U-74389G administration significantly decreased the ACP levels by 128.45%+14.84% (p= 0.0000). Reperfusion time non-significantly decreased the ACP levels by 22.44%+25.86% (p= 0.2000). However, U-74389G administration and reperfusion time together significantly decreased the ACP levels by 74.45%+9.63% (p= 0.0000). Conclusions: U-74389G administration whether it interacted or not with reperfusion time, offers spectacular significant decreasing short – term effects on ACP levels.

The effect of erythropoietin on endometrial edema during ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats

This experimental study examined the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) in a rat model and particularly in an ischemia–reperfusion protocol. The potential beneficial effect of Epo was studied pathologically using endometrial edema (EE) lesions. Endometrial edema was evaluated 60 min after reperfusion (Groups A and C) and 120 min after reperfusion (Groups B and D) in rats. Epo was administered only in Groups C and D. Epo administration non-significantly increased the EE scores by 0.05 (p = 0.9315). Reperfusion non-significantly increased the EE scores by 0.15 (p = 0.6508). Epo administration and reperfusion together non-significantly increased the EE scores by 0.027 (p = 0.8898). Epo administration, reperfusion, and their interaction reduced the EE scores from significant to non-significant levels. Perhaps a study time longer than 2 h or a higher Epo dose could result in complete resolution of the endometrial edema formed as a result of the ischemia–reperfusion injury in this rat model.