Consuelo Prado

Report on the natural interruption of pregnancy related to menarche in the population of Madrid

All cases of spontaneous abortion which were registered between June 1982 and June 1984 in the Ciudad Sanitaria de la Paz have been studied in Madrid (n = 1,259). Together with the women who had miscarriages, a control sample of women (n = 1,016) of similar socioeconomic status and ages was analyzed. The main aim of this study is the analysis of the link between the age of menarche and the incidence of miscarriage, as well as morphological characteristics of women. Our results demonstrate that the average age of menarche is earlier in the sample of women who have a miscarriage (P > .001). When women are classified by early, middle, or late age at menarche, it was observed that, for the sample of women who had a miscarriage, there is a higher percentage of both early and late age at menarche. No significant differences were found in the rest of the morphological variables which were considered. The cycles of women who had miscarriages were more irregular than those in the control group.

Approach to the alimentary patterns of a ample group of Madrid's Gypsy Community

The gypsy community in Spain has been widely studied from cultural, social and historical viewpoints. Mesas (1981) work stands out as an example of a biological anthropological perspective; however, this study did not analyse the links between this peoples culture and their biological characteristics.The current study examines one of these cultural factors, with a nutritional investigation of a sample group of Madrids gypsy community and subsequent analysis of their alimentary patterns. We studied a sample from a settlement in the northern suburbs of Madrid. The content and frequency of each of the food products consumed by the families was determined over four weekdays and one day at theweekend. To evaluate behavioural variation among the sampled families, subgroups were defined by categories of sex, age group, family status and socioeconomic level. Overall nutritional patterns were described and then examined further by multivariate analyses.We conclude that a lack of information and the impact of acculturation have resulted in the inappropriate choice of available foodstuffs and consequent malnutrition. Despite the apparent homogeneity of this community, discriminant analysis revealed significant differences in eating habits between socioeconomic levels.This kind of study is important as it allows the problem of improving the health and living conditions of these people to be tackled with greater efficiency and precision.

Morphological changes related to the climateric period of the adult Cuban women

The aim of the present study is to analyze the morphologic changes occurring along the period of a womans life thatareknown as climacterium. Our sample consists of 648 women from different provinces of Cuba, but who lived in Havana for at least 15 years. Morphological variables such as height, weight, biliocristal and biachromial diameters and six subcutaneous fat skinfolds were measured.With regard to the menopausic condition, the sample was divided into three subpopulations: premenopausic, naturally menopausic and surgically menopausic (when the two ovaries had been removed). Age at menopause was calculated by both the “retrospective” (49.45±0.49) and “status quo” (48.83±0.02) methods.The results obtained point towards morphological differences between pre- and postmenopausic women. We observed greater accumulations of fatty tissue in the suprailiac regions of postmenopausal females. Lean body mass represents a bigger fraction of the total body weight in women who are still menstruating. In the case of surgically menopausic women, they are at a mid-distance between the premenopausic and naturally menopausic subpopulations.A discriminant analysis was carried out which confirmed the results previously observed. From this analysis it appeared the body mass index and the subcutaneous skinfolds are the variables that discriminante, that is, separate, the three subsamples.

Girl Body Composition according to pubertal status Methodology variation

The objective of the present paper is to analyze the differences in body composition among pre and post-menarche girls of the same chronological age using anthropometry and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance.

SUBSCAPULAR AND TRICEPS SKINFOLDS REFERENCE VALUES OF HISPANIC AMERICAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH THE REFERENCE OF CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC).

INTRODUCTION the assessment of the skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. Therefore, it is a useful tool for nutritional diagnosis and prevention of metabolic risk associated with excess fat in chilhood and adolescence. OBJECTIVE to provide percentiles of subscapular and triceps skinfolds for Hispanic American schoolchildren and compare them with those published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from United States, that it have been commonly used as a reference in most of these countries. METHODS subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 9.973 schoolchildren 4-19 aged from Spain, Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico with Holtain caliper with 0.2 mm accuracy. Percentiles were obtained with the LMS statistical method and were presented in tables divided in stages of 6 months and in curves graphics. The difference between Hispanic American and CDC mean values were provided for P3, P50 and P97 in mm and also were graphically represented. RESULTS skinfolds measurements obviously increased with age in both sexes but, in boys, this increase is much more marked in highest percentiles between 8 and 13 years; this maximum is reached earlier than what occurs in CDC reference. In both sexes, all percentiles analized in Hispanic American schoolchildren were higher than the CDC reference except P97 up to 10 or 13 years that was notably smaller. CONCLUSIONS the skinfolds percentiles of Hispanic American children and adolescents differ from CDC that are usually used as reference. The values of subscapular and triceps skinfolds provided in this study, could be applied to populations of a similar ethnic background, especially in comparative studies of body composition.

Menarcheal age in medio-altitude sample. Comparison with another populations of same province. Cuenca (Spain)

Environmental contributions to variation on menarcheal age were studied in 2018 Spanish girls and women from de Province of Cuenca. (Spain). This province has a big variation in altitude and is one of the most representative as middle-altitude population in Spain. Maturations delay in high populations is well referenced but there are less studies in European middle-altitude populations. To give news about this topic is the main objective of this paper. Retrospective Method was employed in adult sample and Status-Quo in young population (9 to 15 years old) Another social, nutritional, somatic and educational levels was recording to give a variation contest. Our study shows a significantly variation between the provincial areas. In effect, the population of “Sierra”, the mountain region has the last maturation in the adults (13.45±0.73) as well as in girls (13.26±1.07). Secular change was observed in relation with this parameter., but less intense that in total, of province. We can confirm the utility of the age of menarche as evaluator of human variation in time and ecological situations.