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Dive into the research topics where Corey Sawchuk is active.

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Featured researches published by Corey Sawchuk.


Circulation | 2009

Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery Focus on Modifiable Risk Factors

Keyvan Karkouti; Duminda N. Wijeysundera; Terrence M. Yau; Jeannie Callum; Davy Cheng; Mark Crowther; Jean-Yves Dupuis; Stephen E. Fremes; Blaine Kent; Claude Laflamme; Andre Lamy; Jean-Francois Légaré; C. David Mazer; Stuart A. McCluskey; Fraser D. Rubens; Corey Sawchuk; W. Scott Beattie

Background— Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is a major health issue. Lacking effective therapies, risk factor modification may offer a means of preventing this complication. The objective of the present study was to identify and determine the prognostic importance of such risk factors. Methods and Results— Data from a multicenter cohort of 3500 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at 7 hospitals during 2004 were analyzed (using multivariable logistic regression modeling) to determine the independent relationships between 3 thresholds of AKI (>25%, >50%, and >75% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate within 1 week of surgery or need for postoperative dialysis) with death rates, as well as to identify modifiable risk factors for AKI. The 3 thresholds of AKI occurred in 24% (n=829), 7% (n=228), and 3% (n=119) of the cohort, respectively. All 3 thresholds were independently associated with a >4-fold increase in the odds of death and could be predicted with several perioperative variables, including preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump use, urgent surgery, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. In particular, 3 potentially modifiable variables were also independently and strongly associated with AKI. These were preoperative anemia, perioperative red blood cell transfusions, and surgical reexploration. Conclusions— AKI after cardiac surgery is highly prevalent and prognostically important. Therapies aimed at mitigating preoperative anemia, perioperative red blood cell transfusions, and surgical reexploration may offer protection against this complication.


Circulation | 2008

Comprehensive Canadian Review of the Off-Label Use of Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Cardiac Surgery

Keyvan Karkouti; W. Scott Beattie; Ramiro Arellano; Tim Aye; Jean S. Bussières; Jeannie L. Callum; Davy Cheng; Lee Heinrich; Blaine Kent; Trevor W.R. Lee; Charles MacAdams; C. David Mazer; Brian Muirhead; Antoine Rochon; Fraser D. Rubens; Corey Sawchuk; Shaohua Wang; Terrence Waters; Bill I. Wong; Terrence M. Yau

Background— This observational study sought to identify the off-label use pattern of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in cardiac surgery and to identify predictors of its effectiveness and risk. Methods and Results— At 18 Canadian centers, 522 nonhemophiliac cardiac surgical patients received rFVIIa during the period 2003 through 2006; data were available, and retrospectively collected, on 503 patients. The median (quartile 1, quartile 3) units of red blood cells transfused from surgery to therapy and in the 24 hours after therapy were 8 (5, 12) and 2 (1, 5), respectively (P<0.0001). Mortality rate was 32%, and mortality or major morbidity rate was 44%. These rates were within expected ranges (mortality, 27% to 35%; mortality or morbidity, 39% to 48%), which were calculated with a separate cohort of cardiac surgical patients who did not receive rFVIIa used as reference. Independent predictors of complications included instability before therapy (multiple inotropes or intra-aortic balloon pump) and increasing red blood cell units transfused before and after therapy. Variables independently associated with nonresponse included abnormal coagulation parameters and >15 red blood cell units transfused before therapy. Conclusions— In Canada, rFVIIa is used primarily when standard interventions have failed to control bleeding. In this setting, rFVIIa is associated with reduced blood product transfusions and, after risk adjustment, does not appear to be associated with increased or decreased complication rates. The effectiveness of the drug may be enhanced if it is given early in the course of refractory blood loss in the setting of adequate amounts of circulating coagulation factors.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2007

Case report: Management of immediate post-car-diopulmonary bypass massive intra-cardiac thrombosis

Victor M. Neira; Corey Sawchuk; Kenneth S. Bonneville; Victor Chu; Theodore E. Warkentin

PurposeTo describe the management of severe acute intracardiac thrombosis in a patient who underwent redo multiple valve replacement and valvular repair. The diagnostic features, associated risk factors, and anesthetic management are reviewed.Clinical featuresA 67-yr-old woman undergoing redo mitral and aortic mechanical valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty under aprotinin prophylaxis exhibited severe refractory hypotension that began immediately after protamine reversal of intraoperative heparin anticoagulation following separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe thrombosis in the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery. The patient was managed by immediate reheparinization and return to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), surgical thrombectomy, and intraoperative administration of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator. After removal of the thrombi, and separation from CPB, no further protamine was given. One hundred units of blood products and two surgical re-explorations were required to manage subsequent massive postoperative bleeding. Acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) was ruled out using sensitive assays for HIT antibodies. After 16 days in the intensive care unit and 30 more days in hospital, the patient was subsequently transferred to a chronic care facility and succumbed several weeks later.ConclusionAcute intraoperative thrombosis is a rare and potentially fatal complication of cardiac surgery. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was essential for rapid diagnosis in this case. Multiple interacting prothrombotic factors (e.g., aprotinin use, acquired antithrombin deficiency, long pump time, post-protamine status, transfusion of blood components) were likely contributing factors related to this rare complication.RésuméObjectifDécrire la prise en charge d’une thrombose intracar-diaque aiguë sévère chez une patiente subissant une reprise de remplacements valvulaires multiples et de valvuloplastie. Les caractéristiques diagnostiques, les facteurs de risque liés et la prise en charge anesthésique sont passés en revue.Éléments cliniquesUne femme de 67 ans, ré-opérée pour le remplacement de prothèses mécaniques mitrale et aortique et une annuloplastie tricuspidienne sous prophylaxie d’aprotinine, a souffert d’hypotension réfractaire sévère débutant immédiatement après la neutralisation de l’anticoagulation à l’héparine avec la protamine, suivant le sevrage de la circulation extra-corporelle. L’échocardiographie transœsophagienne peropératoire a révélé une thrombose sévère dans l’oreillette droite, le ventricule droit et l’artère pulmonaire. La patiente a été prise en charge par une réhéparinisation immédiate et le retour à la circulation extra-corporelle (CEC), une thrombectomie chirurgicale, et l’administration peropératoire d’un activateur tissulaire du plasminogène obtenu par génie génétique. Après la suppression du thrombus et le sevrage de la CEC, aucune protamine supplémentaire n’a été administrée. Le contrôle du saignement postopératoire massif subséquent a nécessité cent unités de produits sanguins et deux réexplorations chirurgicales. Une thrombocyopénie aiguë induite par l’héparine (HIT) a été évitée en se servant de tests sensibles aux anticorps HIT. Après 16 jours aux soins intensifs et 30 de plus à l’hôpital, la patiente a ensuite été transférée dans un centre de soins chroniques et a succombé plusieurs semaines plus tard.ConclusionLa thrombose peropératoire aiguë est une complication rare et potentiellement fatale de la chirurgie cardiaque. Dans le cas examiné ici, l’échocardiographie transœsophagienne peropératoire a joué un rôle essentiel en permettant un diagnostic rapide. L’interaction de multiples facteurs prothrombotiques (par ex., l’utilisation d’aprotinine, une déficience anti-thrombinique acquise, un temps de CEC long, l’état post-protamine, la transfusion de produits sanguins) a probablement contribué à cette complication rare.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2003

Transthoracic echocardiography does not improve prediction of outcome over APACHE II in medical-surgical intensive care.

Corey Sawchuk; David T. Wong; Brian P. Kavanagh; Samuel C. Siu

PurposeTo examine the hypothesis that transthoracic echocardiographic findings predict mortality in critically ill patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of concurrently collected data for consecutive patients from May 1996 to May 1998 who had transthoracic echocardiography on or within six months of admission to the medical surgical intensive care (MSICU). We examined the role of physiologic, clinical, and echocardiography variables in predicting the mortality of patients admitted to the MSICU. Three logistic regression models were developed: 1) clinical; 2) echocardiographic; and 3) combined clinical with echocardiographic. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and the relative strength of clinical and echocardiographic predictors was compared using odds ratio (OR) and receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC).ResultsOf 4,070 MSICU patient admissions, 1,093 patients had transthoracic echocardiography; the study group comprised 942 patients with complete clinical and echocardiographic data. The MSICU mortality was 28%. For the combined model, analyses identified left ventricular systolic function (LVSF), OR 1.26; confidence interval (Cl) 1.01–1.57, severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (OR 3.72; Cl 1.04–13.24), medical diagnosis (OR 1.91; Cl 1.15–3.19), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score (OR 1.27; Cl 1.23–1.31), as predictors of MSICU mortality. The combined model yielded an area under ROC curve of 0.913. For the clinical model, analyses identified age (OR 1.04; Cl 1.02–1.05) and APACHE II (OR 1.32; 1.26–1.35) as predictors of mortality with an area under ROC curve of 0.917. For the echocardiography model, TR (OR 2.40; 1.08–5.38), severe aortic insufficiency (Al) (OR 4.13; Cl 1.17–16.29) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 2.05; 1.01–4.09) were identified as predictors of outcome with an ROC curve of 0.536 for this model.ConclusionStatistical models utilizing clinical variables are predictive of mortality in MSICU. Models that include diagnostic transthoracic echocardiography variables do not provide incremental value to predict ICU mortality. These findings may have implications for non-invasive hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients, and raise the hypothesis that echocardiography-guided interventions may not alter outcome in ICU.RésuméObjectifVérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle les résultats de l’échocardiographie transthoracique permettent de prédire la mortalité chez les grands malades.MéthodeUne analyse rétrospective a été faite des données recueillies simultanément auprès de patients successifs qui ont eu, entre mai 1996 et mai 1998, une échographie transthoracique six mois ou moins après l’admission à l’unité des soins intensifs médicaux chirurgicaux (USIMC). Nous avons vérifié le rôle des variables physiologiques, cliniques et échocardiographiques dans la prédiction de la mortalité à l’USIMC. Trois modèles de régression logistique ont été élaborés: clinique, échocardiographique, et clinique et échocardiographique combiné. Des analyses à une ou plusieurs variables ont été réalisées et la valeur relative des prédicteurs cliniques et échocardiographiques a été comparée selon le risque relatif (RR) et la courbe ROC.RésultatsDes 4 070 patients admis à l’USIMC, 1093 ont eu une échocardiographie transthoracique; le groupe expérimental comprenait 942 patients dont nous avions les données cliniques et échocardiographiques complètes. La mortalité à l’USIMC a été de 28 %. Pour le modèle combiné, la fonction systolique du ventricule gauche (FSVG), RR de 1,26, Intervalle de confiance (lC) de 1,01–1,57, la régurgitation tricuspide (RT) sévère (RR de 3,12; lC de 1,04–13,24), le diagnostic médical (RR de 1,91; lC de 1, 15–3,19) et le score APACHE II (RR de 1,27 ; Cl de 1,23–1,31) ont été des prédlcteurs de mortalité à l’USIMC. Ce modèle présentait une aire sous la courbe ROC de 0,913. Pour le modèle clinique, l’âge (RR de 1,04 ; lC de 1,02–1,05) et le score APACHE II (RR de 1,32 ; 1,26–,35) ont été des prédlcteurs de mortalité avec une aire sous la courbe de 0,917. Pour le modèle échocardlographlque, la RT (RR de 2,40; 1,08–5,38), l’insuffisance aortlque sévère (lA) (RR de 4,13; Cl de 1,17–16,29) et l’hypertension pulmonaire (RR de 2,05; 1,01–4,09) ont été des prédlcteurs avec une aire sous la courbe de 0,536.ConclusionLes modèles statistiques utilisant des variables cliniques sont prédictifs de mortalité à l’USIMC. Les modèles Incluant les variables diagnostiques de l’échocardlographie transthoraclque n’améliore pas la prédiction de la mortalité à l’USl. Ces résultats peuvent infuencer l’évaluation hémodynamique non effractlve des grands malades et donner à penser que des interventions guidées par échocardlographle ne modifient pas l’évolution à l’USI.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2002

Transesophageal echocardiography in the management of left atrio-femoral bypass during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a case report

Ashraf Fayad; Corey Sawchuk; Homer Yang; Claudio S. Cinà

PurposeTo describe the utility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in a patient undergoing thoracoabdominal aneurysm (TAA) surgery using left atrio-femoral bypass (LAFB).Clinical featuresA 57-yr-old female patient underwent repair of type II TAA, As per institutional routine, LAFB technique was used. Initial difficulty with the pump flow was encountered, TEE images showed that the left atrial cannula was positioned against the left atrial wall. The cannula position was adjusted and the pump flow was established. During different stages of the surgery, TEE was used to monitor the left ventricular cavity size and its function. This allowed the adjustment of LAFB pump flow relative to left ventricular filling and optimal fluid resuscitation in order to maintain both upper and lower body perfusion.ConclusionIn this patient, TEE was useful to confirm the correct position of the left atrial cannula and for hemodynamic management during LAFB.RésuméObjectifDécrire l’utilité de l’échocardiographie transœsophagienne (ETO) chez une femme subissant la réparation d’un anévrysme thoraco-abdominal (ATA) par pontage auriculo-fémoral gauche (PAFG).Éléments cliniquesUne femme de 57 ans devait subir la réparation d’un ATA de type II. Suivant la pratique courante de l’institution, une technique de PAFG a été utilisée. Une première difficulté s’est présentée avec le débit de la pompe. Les images de l’ETO ont montré que la canuie auriculaire gauche était placée sur la paroi auriculaire gauche. La canule a été replacée et le débit de la pompe a été établi. À différentes étapes de l’intervention, l’ETO a été utilisée pour surveiller la taille de la cavité ventricuiaire gauche et sa fonction. Cet examen a permis l’ajustement du débit de la pompe de PAFG relativement au remplissage du ventricule gauche et au remplacement de liquide optimal afin de maintenir la perfusion du tronc supérieur et inférieur.ConclusionL’ETO a permis de confirmer la position correcte de la canule auriculaire gauche et de surveiller l’hémodynamique pendant le PAFG.


American Heart Journal | 2003

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS): A randomized clinical trial of left atrial appendage occlusion during routine coronary artery bypass graft surgery for long-term stroke prevention

Eugene Crystal; Andre Lamy; Stuart J. Connolly; Peter Kleine; Stefan H. Hohnloser; Lloyd Semelhago; Labib Abouzhar; Irene Cybulsky; Kevin Teoh; Eva Lonn; Corey Sawchuk; Feycan Oezaslan


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2003

Images in Anesthesia: Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) images of an anomalous left circumflex coronary artery

Andrew Roscoe; Ashraf Fayad; Corey Sawchuk


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2007

Case Reports/Case Series Case report: Management of immediate post-car- diopulmonary bypass massive intra-cardiac throm-

Victor M. Neira; Corey Sawchuk; Kenneth S. Bonneville; Victor Chu; Theodore E. Warkentin


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2007

Prise en charge d’une thrombose intracardiaque majeure immédiatement après la circulation extra-corporelle

Victor M. Neira; Corey Sawchuk; Kenneth S. Bonneville; Victor Chu; Theodore E. Warkentin


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2006

[Lignes directrices canadiennes pour la formation en échocardiographie transœsophagienne chez l’adulte Recommandations de la Section cardiovasculaire de la Société canadienne des anesthésiologistes et de la Société canadienne d’échocardiographie]

François Béïque; Mohamed J. Ali; Mark Hynes; Scott MacKenzie; André Y. Denault; André Martineau; Charles MacAdams; Corey Sawchuk; Kristine A. Hirsch; Martin Lampa; Patricia J. Murphy; Georges Honos; Bradley Munt; Anthony J. Sanfilippo; Peter C. Duke

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David T. Wong

University Health Network

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Samuel C. Siu

University Health Network

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Andre Lamy

Population Health Research Institute

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Davy Cheng

University Health Network

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