Corina Helena Figueira Mendes

Indicadores das ações municipais para a notificação e o registro de casos de violência intrafamiliar e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes

A informacao e essencial para o enfrentamento da violencia contra criancas e adolescentes e a restauracao de seus direitos. Este estudo apresenta indicadores para avaliacao de acoes municipais para a notificacao e o registro de casos de violencia intrafamiliar e exploracao sexual de criancas e adolescentes formulados a partir de metodologias participativas e de consenso: Tecnica Grupo Nominal (TGN) e Metodo Delphi. O marco referencial foi o acervo de politicas nacionais voltadas para a tematica. Participaram do estudo, especialistas das cinco macrorregioes brasileiras. Foram obtidos a partir da analise de consenso dois cenarios de analise incluindo, respectivamente, 3 e 20 indicadores.Information is essential for combating violence against children and adolescents and reclaiming their rights. This study presents indicators for the evaluation of local government actions for reporting and recording cases of domestic violence and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, based on participatory, consensus-based methodologies: the nominal group technique (NGT) and the Delphi method. The frame of reference was the set of Brazilian policies focusing on the issue of violence against children and adolescence. Experts from Brazils five major regions participated in the study. The consensus produced two different analytical scenarios, with three and 20 indicators, respectively.

Use of the Nominal Group Technique and the Delphi Method to draw up evaluation indicators for strategies to deal with violence against children and adolescents in Brazil

OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study is to present a method for the production and selection of indicators to evaluate and/or monitor strategies to: a) prevent violence and promote protective family and community relations; b) provide care for victims of such violence and their family members; c) upgrade the recording and reporting of such violence; d) guarantee the rights of child and adolescent victims; and e) ensure due prosecution of perpetrators. METHODS: consensus-generating participatory methodologies were used (Delphi Method and Nominal Group Technique). RESULTS: 113 indicators were produced, with 27 and 91 indicators selected in scenarios with different scores. CONCLUSIONS: the consensus methodologies were adequate for the selection and validation of evaluation indicators, but criteria need to be established for selection among the indicators adopted.

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS

“Violence against women is not a new phenomenon, nor are its consequences to women’s physical, mental and reproductive health. What is new is the growing recognition that acts of violence against women are not isolated events but rather form a pattern of behaviour that violates the rights of women and girls, limits their participation in society, and damages their health and well-being.” (World Health Organization, 2013)

Análise de desempenho de sistema de indicadores para o enfrentamento da violência intrafamiliar e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes

A critical review of a descriptive/discursive nature was conducted to analyze the methodological performance of a system of 41 indicators created in 2007 in partnership with the United Nations Fund for Children. It was geared to the monitoring and analysis for evaluating the performance of municipalities in addressing domestic violence and the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. The following criteria were considered in the evaluation: validity, reliability, sensitivity, communication, social relevance and feasibility of obtaining data. Each indicator was analyzed individually, based on the comparison of research results in three cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Belford Roxo and Sao Goncalo. The difficulties encountered in the application of the indicators were the lack of data for their calculation and the low quality of institutional records. The article presents the revised system of 32 indicators as a management tool for the evaluation and monitoring of municipal strategies for coping with family violence and the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. These included prevention, attention to children and family members, qualification of notification and registration, bolstering the rights assurance system and accountability for perpetrators.

Proposição de um índice do enfrentamento governamental à violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes

O artigo apresenta o processo de construcao do Indice de Enfrentamento de Violencia Intrafamiliar (IEVI), cujo objetivo e avaliar estrategias da gestao municipal em face dessa violacao de direitos infantojuvenis. Sua formulacao envolveu analise preliminar de indicadores de estudos anteriores e tecnica grupo nominal com especialistas. Foram selecionados quatro indicadores: existencia de Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento das Violencias contra Criancas e Adolescentes; existencia de fluxo intersetorial para atendimento e acompanhamento de criancas e adolescentes em situacao de violencia intrafamiliar e suas familias; taxa de Conselhos Tutelares por habitantes do municipio; e existencia, nas redes municipais de educacao, assistencia social e saude, de instrumentos padronizados para notificacao/comunicacao das situacoes de violencia contra criancas e adolescentes. Com base em banco de dados de estudo anterior, foi realizado o exercicio de aplicacao em quatro capitais brasileiras. O IEVI constitui uma ferramenta para monitorar e mobilizar esforcos para a implantacao de acoes de enfrentamento da violencia.

Social and economic impacts of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: Study protocol and rationale for a mixed-methods study

Global concern broke out in late 2015 as thousands of children in Brazil were born with microcephaly, which was quickly linked to congenital infection with Zika virus (ZIKV). ZIKV is now known to cause a wider spectrum of severe adverse outcomes-congenital Zika syndrome (CZS)-and also milder impairments. This study aimed to explore the social and economic impacts of CZS in Brazil. Data was collected through mixed methods across two settings: Recife City and Jaboatão dos Guararapes in Pernambuco State (the epicentre of the epidemic), and the city of Rio de Janeiro (where reports of ZIKV infection and CZS were less frequent). Data was collected May 2017-January 2018. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the research. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with: mothers and other carers of children with CZS (approximately 30 per setting), pregnant women (10-12 per setting), men and women of child-bearing age (16-20 per setting), and health professionals (10-12 per setting). Thematic analysis was undertaken independently by researchers from at least two research settings, and these were shared for feedback. A case-control study was undertaken to quantitatively explore social and economic differences between caregivers of a child with CZS (cases) and caregivers with an unaffected child (controls). We aimed to recruit 100 cases and 100 controls per setting, from existing studies. The primary caregiver, usually the mother, was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on: depression, anxiety, stress, social support, family quality of life, health care and social service use, and costs incurred by families. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcomes for cases and controls. Costs incurred as a result of CZS were estimated from the perspective of the health system, families and society. Modelling was undertaken to estimate the total economic burden of CZS from those three perspectives.

Zika, protagonismo feminino e cuidado: ensaiando zonas de contato

Neste ensaio iluminamos temas lancados ao debate pos-epidemia de Zika Virus (ZIKAV) na vida de mulheres e criancas. Analisamos 23 artigos, publicados entre 2016 e 2017, selecionados em periodicos brasileiros, no campo das Ciencias Sociais e Humanas em Saude. Ha um discurso mestico de reivindicacao por direitos – grandes narrativas de apelo social e explicacao pelas forcas sociais de um Estado negligente – associado a pequenas narrativas de cuidado de um filho com deficiencia. Provisoriamente, concluimos que a zona de contato se da pelo movimento de resgate das pequenas narrativas na traducao das iniquidades produzidas pelo Estado na vida das pessoas comuns.

Proposición de un índice de acción de gobierno contra la violencia doméstica en niños y adolescentes

O artigo apresenta o processo de construcao do Indice de Enfrentamento de Violencia Intrafamiliar (IEVI), cujo objetivo e avaliar estrategias da gestao municipal em face dessa violacao de direitos infantojuvenis. Sua formulacao envolveu analise preliminar de indicadores de estudos anteriores e tecnica grupo nominal com especialistas. Foram selecionados quatro indicadores: existencia de Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento das Violencias contra Criancas e Adolescentes; existencia de fluxo intersetorial para atendimento e acompanhamento de criancas e adolescentes em situacao de violencia intrafamiliar e suas familias; taxa de Conselhos Tutelares por habitantes do municipio; e existencia, nas redes municipais de educacao, assistencia social e saude, de instrumentos padronizados para notificacao/comunicacao das situacoes de violencia contra criancas e adolescentes. Com base em banco de dados de estudo anterior, foi realizado o exercicio de aplicacao em quatro capitais brasileiras. O IEVI constitui uma ferramenta para monitorar e mobilizar esforcos para a implantacao de acoes de enfrentamento da violencia.

Proposal of an index for government measures to deal with domestic violence against children and adolescents

O artigo apresenta o processo de construcao do Indice de Enfrentamento de Violencia Intrafamiliar (IEVI), cujo objetivo e avaliar estrategias da gestao municipal em face dessa violacao de direitos infantojuvenis. Sua formulacao envolveu analise preliminar de indicadores de estudos anteriores e tecnica grupo nominal com especialistas. Foram selecionados quatro indicadores: existencia de Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento das Violencias contra Criancas e Adolescentes; existencia de fluxo intersetorial para atendimento e acompanhamento de criancas e adolescentes em situacao de violencia intrafamiliar e suas familias; taxa de Conselhos Tutelares por habitantes do municipio; e existencia, nas redes municipais de educacao, assistencia social e saude, de instrumentos padronizados para notificacao/comunicacao das situacoes de violencia contra criancas e adolescentes. Com base em banco de dados de estudo anterior, foi realizado o exercicio de aplicacao em quatro capitais brasileiras. O IEVI constitui uma ferramenta para monitorar e mobilizar esforcos para a implantacao de acoes de enfrentamento da violencia.