Corinthias Pamatang Morgana Sianipar

Analyzing the Dynamics of Total Output of Japanese Creative Industry Sectors: An Input – output Approach

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of total output of Japanese creative industry sectors caused by final demand changes. This study employs input – output analysis as a tool of analysis. The results show that the patterns of total output of creative industry sectors of Japan on future period are not identic. Nevertheless, those sectors have one similarity, namely the modification of import will decrease their total output on future period.

Materials Selection in Appropriate Technology Four Focuses in Design Thinking

Appropriate technology is widely recognized as a good solution in providing alternative technology for underdeveloped people who live in a very limited circumstance. However, it is often seen as an idea without clear explanation from engineering perspective. One of critical process in appropriate technology design process is materials selection. This study aims to provide applied logic for selecting materials in the design process. The logic is constructed by surveying previous notions from researchers. Reasoning techniques are explored by using design thinking. This study reveals that there are four focuses which must be applied to find sufficient materials for an appropriate technology. This study also concludes that, unlike pure engineering efforts which tend to substitute materials given in a technology design with locally available ones, appropriate technology start from existing resources to produce its design. It requires soft selection by involving local people in exploring any potential materials which already available in their own area. By looking at previous studies which tended to ignore the contribution from local people in exploring potential materials, this study embraces their involvement and then emcourages insights for further research around it.

Environmental Forensics on Appropriate-Technology-Enhanced Supply Chain of Rural Commodities

Rural commodities have become important in any kind of rural development. Considering the common difficulties happen in rural areas, and by looking at common uneven distribution of profit margin in many long supply chains of rural commodities, rural governances have begun to apply Appropriate Technology (AT) to pull such distribution back to rural communities as the producers of rural commodities. Such applications become more interesting in term of environmental forensics. Due to the different characteristics between environmental forensics on supply chain and AT, this study aims to integrate such characteristics into a single map of forensics. Characteristics of each kind of forensics are completely taken to deliver a holistic framework. Previous approaches in each forensics are explored to discover the potential integration. Based on such exploration, the cross-sections between forensics are carefully explained to avoid inaccuracy of assessment. The result provides an integrated framework to assess environmental impacts imposed both through supply chain and AT. By looking at previous researches, this study significantly contributes to the common understanding of environmental forensics on supply chain. Then, this study will be expanded by including cost-based approach to evaluate the unit emission per unit-distributed value added throughout a supply chain due to AT application.

Physiological Concept: Visible Modeling for Feasible Design

Conceptual design plays an important role in design stage as an initiation to interpret an abstract idea into a design concept. However, conceptual modeling in previous engineering designs provided premature detailed modeling. Such methodologies delivered almost pure quantitative techniques to do the modeling, which have made it difficult to do agile design process for specific-purposed products. Such products require unique approach for each situation. This paper proposes physiological concept modeling to overcome such phenomenon by combining process and functional modeling with qualitative interpretation. Physiological modeling incorporates derivation to transform idea into a design concept with almost no quantitative postulates. A case study on competition-based electric car is also provided to show an overview of application. The study concludes that there are seven steps required to do physiological modeling. The derivation can also bring flexibility for dynamic or continuous system by introducing cyclical & dynamic relationship between processes, including interventions from outside observed system and function of residue to accommodate side residues. By looking at previous techniques, this study brings a new light to produce design concept which is feasible but can be visibly modeled even by novice designers.

Materials Research in Appropriate Technology: In the Midst of Science, Engineering, and Technology

Materials research is often characterized as a pure scientific activity. However, such approach cannot be applied when materials researchers must deal with Appropriate Technology (AT) development. Science and engineering which focus on pure scientific background must be integrated with appropriateness of AT in engineering and technology levels. This study aims to discover such integration by investigating right positioning of materials research to AT development at the intersections between materials research and AT in Science, Engineering, and Technology research areas. Seven pillars of survivability which describe the tiers of appropriateness are also taken as the basis of exploration. They are coupled with the intersections to deliver complete overview of research positioning of materials research in AT development. This study concludes that materials researchers become the inventors (Science), innovators (Engineering), and constructors (Technology) of materials used in AT. They have to produce materials for AT that that must be able (Science), feasible (Engineering), and visible (Technology) to improve local activities through a technological solution. By looking at the discussion, this study contributes in several issues at once: AT, materials research, and research design, including all aspects considered as the fundamental principles of survivability, by taking these issues in the positioning of materials research in AT development.

Technological solution for vulnerable communities: How does its approach matter?

Vulnerability is an emerging term for both scientific communities and practitioners. Vulnerabilities attributed to a particular community are then aggregated to state it as a vulnerable community. Vulnerability-related study is recognized as an interdisciplinary one due to the complex characteristics of vulnerabilities in each contextual situation. In common understandings, technology is recognized as an interdisciplinary solution, making it possible for supporting any activity in eradicating vulnerability. This study aims to observe such possibilities. Literature survey is taken to investigate the interconnection between vulnerability eradication and technology. Brief comparison between several developing countries and particular focus on Indonesia become a medium of further investigation to reveal issues surrounding technology-related efforts for vulnerability eradication in vulnerable communities. The study reveals that developing countries, particularly Indonesia, tend to adopt approaches from Northern hemisphere, including transferring technologies from developed countries without proper propagation. It means that local knowledge and power are largely ignored in the pursuit of local problem solving for vulnerability eradication. These facts become a signpost to emphasize that approach in implementing technological solution for such purpose is the critical mechanism to ensure the success in every contextual situation. Then, looking at the results of this brief study, its emphasis indicates further requirements to shift the paradigm of typical community development to contextual community empowerment in order to ensure the continuity of every technological solution for a consistent eradication of local vulnerabilities, including possible changes of required approach alongside the shift.

Preserving Cultural Heritage through Creative Industry: A Lesson from Saung Angklung Udjo☆

Abstract Cultural heritage is one important thing about the existence of a society. Therefore, now its become increasingly important to preserve many valuable cultural heritage. It includes many kinds of art works. Recently, creative industries grow rapidly at SME scale. It increases opportunity to preserve cultural heritage through creative industry, as we know that many creative industry produce cultural product. The objective of this paper is to show how creative industries succeed in preserving cultural heritage. The methodology of this paper is a case study at Saung Angklung Udjo (SAU), one of creative industry which has successful business records on preserving angklung as a cultural heritage. In-depth interview was conducted to gather information, and will be combined with some archival data to build a comprehensive discussion. The study reveals several key successful factors to preserve cultural heritage by creative industry. The proposed factors can be used to predict the successfulness of another creative industry which is based on cultural products, or some practitioners may use them to build another business which has similar type with SAU.

Technological solution for vulnerable communities: Questioning the sustainability of Appropriate Technology

Vulnerability eradication has become an emerging concern in todays society following the increasing uncertainties in achieving societal resilience, particularly in vulnerable communities. Furthermore, incorporating technological solution, especially appropriate technology (AT), into such concern requires interdisciplinary understandings to achieve a holistic eradication based on the particularities of each community. This study aims to briefly reveal existing scholarly discourses and investigate potential gap(s) between previous researches. Literatures, particularly consisting meta-analysis on previous scholarly discussions, are surveyed. The findings reveal three progress among scientific discourses. The first one is the paradigm shift of developmental purposes from typical development to empowerment. Next, concerns in technology development indicate the parallel movement toward empowerment. Then, previous methodological developments, including approach in sustaining AT, indicate the needs to assess the future based on sustainability. Therefore, a new research is proposed to develop an assessment framework on AT for vulnerability eradication on the basis of empowerment paradigm, extended focuses in technology development, and extended coverage of future changes in dynamic matter. The framework needs to be developed based on the combination of positivist-deductive-qualitative research paradigms. This is intended to generalize the framework for being used in different cases, to build an applicative framework as an integral part of existing body of knowledge, and to develop an enriched and flexible construction of framework. Looking at existing researches, this brief study proposes insights to move scientific progress toward a more holistic vulnerability eradication using AT solution both in conceptual and practical levels.

Interdependency of Cleaner Production and Cleaner Application: Towards an Integrated Assessment on Appropriate Technology

Resources localization is one of the unique concerns of Appropriate Technology (AT) development. It has become a thought-provoking driver to related studies, meaning that there are wide-ranging opportunities to conduct researches, including ones on materials-related issues. Also, following the global concerns on environmental issues, assessment on environmental impacts imposed in AT life-cycle is interesting to be studied. Particularly, this study attempts to investigate potential impacts imposed by materials usage in AT. It is conducted by comparing and contrasting common approach in doing cleaner production to the implication of AT in providing cleaner application. This study aims to provide an integrated assessment framework for calculating environmental impacts from materials usage by incorporating the characteristics of AT life-cycle into account. The first finding points out the interdependency of cleaner production and cleaner application, meaning that there is a need of cleaner production in the manufacturing and construction process of any material/component/assembling in an AT; besides, the AT has to be designed to perform cleaner application, yet without reducing its performance and intention in localizing materials. Furthermore, the second finding pushes the first finding forward through an integrated environmental assessment diagram that covers materials production and application until the end of AT life-cycle, including disposal phase and predicted degradability of materials. By looking at common approaches that focused on the assessment of only cleaner production, this study is moving toward an integrated environmental assessment on an AT by covering both cleaner production and application to form a complete AT life-cycle assessment.