Cornelia Hernea

Black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.) as a multi-purpose tree species in Hungary and Romania: a review

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was the first North-American tree species imported to Europe at the beginning of the seventeenth century. It is commonly planted worldwide because of its adaptability to environmental stresses, its valuable wood, easy propagation, frequent and abundant seed production, excellent coppicing, high seedling survival, and relatively high wood yield. In Europe, Romania and Hungary have the most highly-developed black locust growing techniques and experiences. As a result of increasing interest in black locust in many countries, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art site requirements, propagation, improvement and management (including growth and yield as well as use in energy plantations).

ASPECTS CONCERNING THE SPREADING OF QUERCUS RUBRA IN TIMISOARA FOREST DISTRICT

Quercus rubra L. (Q. borealis Michx.) - Red oak, American red oa k, was introduced in Europe at the end of the VII century especially in western and central Europe. In our country has been frequently used like a decorative species in parks or for alley, but also as a forest tree, in plantations in the west of the country, Mi h ăieti, Lipova (Neudorf Park), and Cristian Râ � nov - Brasov, Sabed -Mures (especially Q. borealis var . Maxima ), etc. In the west part of the country the specie was extended to about 1 650 metres in Forest S ăcuieni (Bihor) District. In Timisoara Forest District, red oak is widespread in 16 compartments with a total area of 68.8 hectares and an area of 24.09 actually occupie d by red oak. The actually areas occupied by red oak was determined by multiplying the compartment areas, the percentage of specie participation in st and composition and crown density of the stand. If we compare the percent of the area occupied by s pecies from this Forest District, Quercus rubra represent less than 1% for total area of the Forest District. The analysis of the distribution of the red oak by ages shows that stands with red oak are situated in the first three classes of age that mea ns stands less than 60 years old... The biggest area with red oak is found in the third class witch represents 76% of the total area with red oak compare with the second class (3%) and first cl ass (21%). Stands with red oak in their composition are situat ed between 90 and 250 meters. These are found on two altitudinal belt: FD2 - hilly alti tudinal plant belt with Quercus sp. (sessile oak, Turkey oak, Hungarian oak, mixed stands) and hill mixed hardwood forest (88%), CF = FC - Forest plane (12%). According with forest site conditions and climatic conditions were identified eight types of natural forests: hill mixed hardwood forest, Tur key oak stands, Turkey oak and Hungarian oak stands, mixed between Hungarian oak, Turkey oak and mezophyte oaks, mixed hardwood forest with Turkey oak, mixed hardwood forest with Hungarian oak.