Cosmo Rufino de Lima

TEMPERATURAS E SUBSTRATOS NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Caesalpinia pyramidalis TUL. 1

Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. is a forest species from the Caesalpiniaceae family, considered endemic to the Caatinga biome and the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature and substrate on its seed germination. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 5 x 4 factorial, totaling 20 treatments, consisting of combinations of five temperatures (25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 20-35 oC) and four substrates (sand, vermiculite, coconut fiber and paper towels), with four replications of 25 seeds each. The parameters evaluated were germination, first germination count, germination speed index and seedling length and dry matter weight. The temperatures of 20-30 and 20-35 oC and the sand and vermiculite substrates were suitable for evaluating the germination of C. pyramidalis seeds.

Physiological maturity of fruits and seeds of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz

The Leguminosae family is one of the most representative botanical families of the Caatinga, with 80 endemic species, highlighting the catingueira (Poincianella pyramidalis). The objective of this research work was to study the maturation process of P. pyramidalis seeds based on the physiological maturity. Five harvest of fruits and seeds were carried out, with 15 days interval each, in a period from July to September 2010. The harvests began 75 days after anthesis (d.a.a.) and lasted until 135 d.a.a. Fruits and seeds were subjected to the following assessments: size, moisture content, and dry mass of fruits and seeds; and germination and vigor of seeds (first count of germination, germination speed index, length and dry mass of seedling). Under the environmental conditions of municipality of Soledade, State of Paraiba, Northeast Brazil, the point of physiological maturity of P. pyramidalis seeds occurs at 125 d.a.a., when the maximum accumulation of dry mass is 1.993 g and moisture content is 21%. The ideal point of harvest is between 130 d.a.a and 135 d.a.a., before natural dehiscence, when the moisture content of seeds is between 13.0% and 5.0%.

Testes de vigor na avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes Erythrina velutina Willd. (FABACEAE - PAPILIONOIDEAE)

A aplicacao de testes de vigor de sementes tem sido fundamental para determinacao da qualidade fisiologica de forma rapida e eficaz, destacando-se, os testes baseados no desempenho das plântulas como uma das opcoes disponiveis. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiencia de testes de vigor para determinacao da qualidade fisiologica de sementes de Erythrina velutina. Determinou-se em cinco lotes de sementes de E. velutina o teor de agua e o peso de mil sementes e realizou-se os testes de germinacao, emergencia em campo, indice de velocidade de germinacao e de emergencia, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas do laboratorio e campo. Os testes de campo (emergencia de plântulas, indice de velocidade de emergencia de plântulas e massa seca da parte aerea das plântulas) sao eficientes na separacao dos lotes de sementes de E. velutina em niveis de vigor.

UMEDECIMENTO DO SUBSTRATO E TEMPERATURA NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Parkia platycephala BENTH.

The Parkia platycephala Benth. (faveira) is a leguminous tree, known as a provider of commercial wood in the Amazon rain forest. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different volumes of water for substrate moisture and temperatures on germination of Parkia platycephala . After this, they were sowing over towel paper, organized in rolls wetted with water contents equivalent to 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 and 3.5 times the weight of the substrate without new water addition, and they were maintained in chambers at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30°C and alternate temperature 20-30°C. The following parameters were analyzed: the germination percentage, first count germination, index of germination speed, length and dry mass of seedlings (shoot and root). A completely randomized design was used with a 4 x 4 factorial (water volumes and temperatures). The moistening of the substrate with 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 times the weight of the paper at temperatures of 25, 30 and 20-30 oC can be used for germination and vigor of Parkia platycephala Benth. The temperature of 20oC and all volumes of water tested for wetting the substrate reduced the germination and the vigor of these seeds.

FENOLOGIA DE Poincianella pyramidalis (TUL.) L. P. QUEIROZ E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A DISTRIBUIÇÃO TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO

A remarkable feature of the Brazilian semi-arid region is its highly irregular distribution of rainfall in space and time, with two marked periods: the rainy season, with erratic precipitation, of highly variable intensity; and the dry season, the critical period of prolonged drought, when the plant species of the Caatinga (desert vegetation found in northeastern Brazil) express their most remarkable trait, the deciduousness. In such conditions, plant species have their dynamics of growth and development in accordance with rainfall events. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the phenophases of Poincianella pyramidalis and their relationship with the temporal distribution of rainfall, which takes place in the form of water pulses. For the phenological study, 32 trees were selected, identified and monitored fortnightly on Acude Farm, located in the municipality of Soledade, PB state, Brazil. To quantify the phenological events, Fourniers percent index and the activity index were adopted, recording the presence and absence of the following phenophases: sprouting, appearance of flower buds, flowering (anthesis), fruiting and senescence, whose data were related to the water pulses and inter-pulses. It was found that the sprouting, flower-bud and flowering phenophases in Poincianella pyramidalis happen synchronously with the temporal distribution of rain pulses in its habitat. The intensity and duration of phenophases in the development of Poincianella pyramidalis depend upon the extent and frequency of the water pulses throughout the rainy season. Total leaf senescence in Poincianella pyramidalis occurs when the inter-pulses of rainfall intensify as the dry season progresses, characterizing deciduousness.

TERMOTERAPIA ALTERNATIVA PARA SEMENTES ORGÂNICAS DE TOMATE CEREJA (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)

Do ponto de vista agronômico, as plantas originarias das sementes orgânicas apresentam alta adaptabilidade as condições climáticas do ambiente que estão inseridas. Dessa forma, estas sementes representam uma alternativa viável para os agricultores familiares, no que se refere ao autoconsumo e comercialização, sendo preferidas nas unidades produtivas (SECCO, 2010). No entanto, o desenvolvimento das plantas pode ser influenciado pela qualidade das sementes (CARVALHO; NAKAGAWA, 2012). Nesse sentido, surge a necessidade do desenvolvimento e aplicação de técnicas que facilitem o manejo das sementes pelos agricultores em suas unidades produtivas.

Substrate moisture and temperature in the germination and vigor of Amburana cearensis (All.) A.C. Smith seeds

Amburana cearensis (Allemao) A.C. Smith is an important economic species of the Brazilian Caatinga and in popular medicine and germination test procedures for laboratory analyses need to be standardized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different water volumes in the substrate and also temperatures on A. cearensis germination. The seeds were sown in paper towels wetted with the water equivalent of 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 and 3.5 times the substrate weight. No more water was added and the seeds were maintained in chambers at constant temperatures of 30 oC and 35 oC. The following parameters were analyzed: the germination percentage, first count germination, index of germination speed, length and dry mass of seedlings. A completely randomized design was used with a 4 x 2 factorial (water volumes and temperatures). The 35 oC temperature impaired the germination and vigor of A. cearensis seeds. A temperature of 30 oC and a water volume of 3.5 times the weight of paper is the most suitable combination for doing germination tests and evaluating the vigor of A. cearensis seeds.