Craig A. Lee

A distributed resource management architecture that supports advance reservations and co-allocation

The realization of end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees in emerging network-based applications requires mechanisms that support first dynamic discovery and then advance or immediate reservation of resources that will often be heterogeneous in type and implementation and independently controlled and administered. We propose the Globus Architecture for Reservation and Allocation (GARA) to address these four issues. GARA treats both reservations and computational elements such as processes, network flows, and memory blocks as first-class entities, allowing them to be created, monitored, and managed independently and uniformly. It simplifies management of heterogeneous resource types by defining uniform mechanisms for computers, networks, disk, memory, and other resources. Layering on these standard mechanisms, GARA enables the construction of application-level co-reservation and co-allocation libraries that applications can use to dynamically assemble collections of resources, guided by both application QoS requirements and the local administration policy of individual resources. We describe a prototype GARA implementation that supports three different resource type-parallel computers, individual CPU under control of the dynamic soft real-time scheduler, and integrated services networks, and provide performance results that quantify the costs of our techniques.

A fault detection service for wide area distributed computations

The potential for faults in distributed computing systems is a significant complicating factor for application developers. While a variety of techniques exist for detecting and correcting faults, the implementation of these techniques in a particular context can be difficult. Hence, we propose a fault detection service designed to be incorporated, in a modular fashion, into distributed computing systems, tools, or applications. This service uses well-known techniques based on unreliable fault detectors to detect and report component failure, while allowing the user to trade off timeliness of reporting against false positive rates. We describe the architecture of this service, report on experimental results that quantify its cost and accuracy, and describe its use in two applications, monitoring the status of system components of the GUSTO computational grid testbed and as part of the NetSolve network-enabled numerical solver.

Overview of GridRPC: A Remote Procedure Call API for Grid Computing

This paper discusses preliminary work on standardizing and implementing a remote procedure call (RPC) mechanism for grid computing. The GridRPC API is designed to address the lack of a standardized, portable, and simple programming interface. Our initial work on GridRPC shows that client access to existing grid computing systems such as NetSolve and Ninf can be unified via a common API, a task that has proven to be problematic in the past.

A perspective on scientific cloud computing

Cloud computing has the potential for tremendous benefits, but wide scale adoption has a range of challenges that must be met. We review these challenges and how they relate to scientific computing. To achieve the portability, interoperability, and economies of scale that clouds offer, it is clear that common design principles must be widely adopted in both the user community and marketplace. To this end, we argue that a private-to-public cloud deployment trajectory will be very common, if not dominant. This trajectory can be used to define a progression of needed common practices and standards which, in turn, can be used to define deployment, development and fundamental research agendas. We then survey the cloud standards landscape and how the standards process could be driven by major stakeholders, e.g., large user groups, vendors, and governments, to achieve scientific and national objectives. We conclude with a call to action for stakeholders to actively engage in driving this process to a successful conclusion.

Global Virtual Time and distributed synchronization

Global Virtual Time (GVT) is the fundamental synchronization concept in optimistic simulations. It is defined as the earliest time tag within the set of unprocessed pending events in distributed simulation. A number of techniques for determining GVT have been proposed in recent years, each having their own intrinsic properties. However, most of these techniques either focus on specific types of simulation problems or assume specific hardware support. This paper specifically addresses the GVT problem in the context of the following area <list><item>• Scalability </item><item>• Efficiency </item><item>• Portability </item><item>• Flow control </item><item>• Interactive support </item><item>•Real time use </item></list>A new GVT algorithm, called SPEEDES GVT, has been developed in the Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete-Event Simulation (SPEEDES) framework. The new algorithm runs periodically but does not disrupt event processing. It provides flow control by processing events risk-free while flushing out messages during the GVT computation. SPEEDES GVT is built from a set of global reduction operations that are easily implementable on any hardware system.

Adding Federated Identity Management to OpenStack

OpenStack is an open source cloud computing project that is enjoying wide. While many cloud deployments may be stand-alone, it is clear that secure federated community clouds, i.e., inter-clouds, are needed. Hence, there must be methods for federated identity management (FIM) that enable authentication and authorisation to be flexibly enforced across federated environments. Since there are many different FIM protocols either in use or in development today, this paper addresses the goal of adding protocol independent federated identity management to the OpenStack services. After giving a motivating example for secure cloud federation, and describing the conceptual design for protocol independent federated access, a detailed federated identity protocol sequence is presented. The paper then describes the implementation of the protocol independent system components, along with the incorporation of two different FIM protocols, namely SAML and Keystone proprietary. Finally performance measurements of the protocol independent components, and the two different protocols dependent components are presented, before the paper concludes with the current limitations.

Near-real-time satellite image processing: metacomputing in CC++

Metacomputing combines heterogeneous system elements in a seamless computing service. In this case study, we introduce the elements of metacomputing and describe an application for cloud detection and visualization of infrared and visible-light satellite images. The application processes the satellite images by using Compositional C++ (CC++)-a simple, yet powerful extension of C++-and its runtime system, Nexus, to integrate specialized resources, high-speed networks, parallel and distributed computing, and stereoscopic visualization in virtual reality (VR) displays.

Grid Computing — GRID 2001

Invited Presentation.- Grid Application Design Using Software Components and Web Services.- Object Middleware.- Design and Implementation of a CORBA Commodity Grid Kit.- Towards High Performance CORBA and MPI Middlewares for Grid Computing.- An Integrated Grid Environment for Component Applications.- Resource Discovery and Management.- KNOWLEDGE GRID: High Performance Knowledge Discovery Services on the Grid.- On Fully Decentralized Resource Discovery in Grid Environments.- An Adaptive Service Grid Architecture Using Dynamic Replica Management.- Identifying Dynamic Replication Strategies for a High-Performance Data Grid.- Scheduling.- Ensemble Scheduling: Resource Co-Allocation on the Computational Grid.- JobQueue: A Computational Grid-Wide Queuing System.- A Scheduling Model for Grid Computing Systems.- Grid Architecture and Policies.- Exposed versus Encapsulated Approaches to Grid Service Architecture.- A Methodology for Account Management in Grid Computing Environments.- Policy Engine: A Framework for Authorization, Accounting Policy Specification and Evaluation in Grids.- Performance and Practice.- Performance Contracts: Predicting and Monitoring Grid Application Behavior.- Production-Level Distributed Parametric Study Capabilities for the Grid.- The DO Experiment Data Grid-SAM.

Active Middleware Services

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Qualis: the quality of service component for the Globus metacomputing system

General computing over a widely distributed set of heterogeneous machines-typically called metacomputing-offers definite advantages. The notion of quality of service (QoS) for metacomputing is very important. This paper presents Qualis, the QoS component for the Globus metacomputing system. We present the Qualis architecture, how it is integrated into the Globus architecture, and how it addresses QoS in a metacomputing environment.