Creso Machado Lopes

Prevalência de acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos em Rio Branco, Acre

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia de acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos e identificar fatores associados. METODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado de setembro de 2007 a agosto de 2008, nas zonas urbana e rural de Rio Branco, AC. Foram analisados dados referentes aos adultos (18 a 96 anos, n = 1.516) do inquerito Saude e Nutricao de Adultos e Criancas de Rio Branco, obtidos em entrevistas domiciliares. As relacoes entre acidente de trânsito auto-referido e variaveis socioeconomicas e comportamentais foram analisadas por meio de razoes de prevalencia e intervalos de 95% de confianca; foi efetuada analise de regressao multipla de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de acidente de trânsito auto-referido foi de 36%. Na analise de Poisson, os individuos do sexo masculino (RP=1,45 e IC95%: 1,12;1,87), que relatavam consumo de bebida alcoolica (RP=1,25 e IC95%: 0,97;1,62), com renda acima de cinco salarios minimos (RP=1,88 e IC95%: 1,25;2,83), idade entre 18 e 25 anos (RP=1,45 e IC95%: 1,02;2,05) apresentaram maior probabilidade de referir envolvimento em acidente de trânsito. As variaveis idade e escolaridade mostraram associacao inversa com o desfecho, enquanto renda apresentou associacao positiva, todas elas com tendencia significativa. CONCLUSOES: A prevalencia dos acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos aponta risco mais elevado para homens, com renda mais elevada, menor escolaridade e que ingerem bebida alcoolica, os quais devem ser alvo das campanhas preventivas.OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of self-reported traffic accidents and identify associated factors. METHODS Cross-sectional, population-based study carried out from September 2007 to August 2008, in the urban and rural zones of Rio Branco (Northern Brazil). Data referring to adults (aged 18 to 96 years, n = 1,516) of the inquiry Health and Nutrition of Adults and Children of Rio Branco, obtained in home interviews, were analyzed. The relations between self-reported traffic accident and socioeconomic and behavior variables were analyzed by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals; Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported traffic accident was 36%. In the Poisson analysis, male individuals (PR= 1.45 and 95% CI: 1.12;1.87) who reported alcohol consumption (PR= 1.25 and 95%CI: 0.97;1.62), with income above five minimum wages (PR= 1.88 and 95%CI: 1.25;2.83), aged between 18 and 25 years (PR= 1.45 and 95%CI: 1.02;2.05), presented higher probability of reporting involvement in traffic accidents. The variables age and level of schooling had inverse association with the outcome, while income had a positive association, all of them with significant tendency. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of self-reported traffic accidents shows higher risk for men with higher income, lower level of schooling and who ingest alcoholic beverages. They should be the target of prevention campaigns.

Atividade sexual e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em escolares do 2º grau de Rio Branco-Acre, Brasil

This study was realized with 2.684 students of the high school in Rio Branco-Acre, Brazil, to verify aspects of the sexual activity and the occurrence of DST/AIDS. From the researched students, 48.9% had sexual intercourse, and the largest frequency was 34.3% for male sex, with the beginning at 13 years old, and for female sex 31.6%, with the beginning at 16 years old. The occurrence of mentioned DST/AIDS was: 58.4% for Hepatitis B, 39.4% for Moniliase and 2.2% for Gonorrhea. Among those ones who had their first sexual intercourse, 47.6% were with the boyfriend, 25.8% with the neighbor and 10.5% with the domestic maid. Concluding, the students who had sexual intercourse were 52.3% of private schools, 50.0% of federal ones, 45.7% of state ones and 41.8% of municipal ones.Este estudo foi realizado junto a 2.684 alunos do Segundo Grau de Rio Branco¾Acre, Brasil, para verificar aspectos da atividade sexual e a ocorrencia de DST/AIDS. Dos alunos pesquisados, 48,9% tiveram relacoes sexuais, sendo que para o sexo masculino o inicio mais frequente foi aos 13 anos, representando 34,3% e para o feminino foi aos 16 anos, com 31,6%. Da ocorrencia de DST/AIDS mencionadas 58,4% foi para a Hepatite B, 39,4% para a Moniliase e 2,2% para a Gonorreia. Dos que tiveram relacoes sexuais 47,6% foi com o/a namorado/a, 25,8% com o/a vizinho/a e 10,5% com a empregada domestica. Como conclusao, 52,3% dos alunos das escolas particulares, 50,0% da federal, 45,7% das estaduais e 41,8% da municipal, tiveram relacao sexual.

Smoking in adults in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil: a population-based study

OBJECTIVE To analyze the associations between smoking and socioeconomic status, and to analyze the profile of smokers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study conducted with 1,512 adults living in urban and rural areas. Information about demographic aspects, socioeconomic status and smoking habits were collected through home interviews. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS The overall prevalence of smoking was of 19.9%. Males had a higher prevalence (22.7%) in contrast to females (17.6%). By age, a higher prevalence was observed at 50 - 59 years in males (30.9%) and at 40 - 49 years in females (23.8%). A linear trend was observed between the higher prevalence of smoking and the lower amount of years of education and income (p < 0.05). The profile of smokers indicated that the majority, in both genders, began smoking at age 15, smoked between 1 and 10 cigarettes per day, lit the first cigarette of the day 60 minutes after waking up and had tried to quit smoking at least twice. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of smoking is a relevant public health problem in Rio Branco. Community actions must be implemented for the prevention and control of tobacco use.

Nurses ́sickness at hospital network at Rio Branco - Acre - Brazil

Estudo com o objetivo de identificar os problemas de saude apresentados pelas enfermeiras no seu local de trabalho, realizado junto a 85 (51,2%) enfermeiras da Rede dos Hospitais de Rio Branco - Acre - Brasil, e em oito Chefias do Servico de Enfermagem, com uso de questionario e entrevista preenchida pelas autoras, com respeito aos aspectos eticos da pesquisa. Como resultados 87,5% possuem dupla ou tripla jornada de trabalho. De acordo com as chefias, 75,0% apresentaram problemas no relacionamento / humor e assistencia ao paciente; 62,5% queixaram de problemas de saude pelas condicoes do trabalho; 17,1% faziam uso de medicamentos contra a hipertensao, e 68,3% auto-medicacao, com uso de analgesico. As doencas mais encontradas foram: doencas do sistema osseo e muscular e do tecido conjuntivo, com 34,9%; doencas do sistema nervoso, com 23,2% e os sintomas, sinais e achados anormais de exames clinicos e de laboratorio nao classificados em outra parte, com 22,0%, onde reforca-se a necessidade de implementar programas de prevencao a saude das enfermeiras.

Prevalence of self-reported traffic accidents in Rio Branco, Northern Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia de acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos e identificar fatores associados. METODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado de setembro de 2007 a agosto de 2008, nas zonas urbana e rural de Rio Branco, AC. Foram analisados dados referentes aos adultos (18 a 96 anos, n = 1.516) do inquerito Saude e Nutricao de Adultos e Criancas de Rio Branco, obtidos em entrevistas domiciliares. As relacoes entre acidente de trânsito auto-referido e variaveis socioeconomicas e comportamentais foram analisadas por meio de razoes de prevalencia e intervalos de 95% de confianca; foi efetuada analise de regressao multipla de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de acidente de trânsito auto-referido foi de 36%. Na analise de Poisson, os individuos do sexo masculino (RP=1,45 e IC95%: 1,12;1,87), que relatavam consumo de bebida alcoolica (RP=1,25 e IC95%: 0,97;1,62), com renda acima de cinco salarios minimos (RP=1,88 e IC95%: 1,25;2,83), idade entre 18 e 25 anos (RP=1,45 e IC95%: 1,02;2,05) apresentaram maior probabilidade de referir envolvimento em acidente de trânsito. As variaveis idade e escolaridade mostraram associacao inversa com o desfecho, enquanto renda apresentou associacao positiva, todas elas com tendencia significativa. CONCLUSOES: A prevalencia dos acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos aponta risco mais elevado para homens, com renda mais elevada, menor escolaridade e que ingerem bebida alcoolica, os quais devem ser alvo das campanhas preventivas.OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of self-reported traffic accidents and identify associated factors. METHODS Cross-sectional, population-based study carried out from September 2007 to August 2008, in the urban and rural zones of Rio Branco (Northern Brazil). Data referring to adults (aged 18 to 96 years, n = 1,516) of the inquiry Health and Nutrition of Adults and Children of Rio Branco, obtained in home interviews, were analyzed. The relations between self-reported traffic accident and socioeconomic and behavior variables were analyzed by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals; Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported traffic accident was 36%. In the Poisson analysis, male individuals (PR= 1.45 and 95% CI: 1.12;1.87) who reported alcohol consumption (PR= 1.25 and 95%CI: 0.97;1.62), with income above five minimum wages (PR= 1.88 and 95%CI: 1.25;2.83), aged between 18 and 25 years (PR= 1.45 and 95%CI: 1.02;2.05), presented higher probability of reporting involvement in traffic accidents. The variables age and level of schooling had inverse association with the outcome, while income had a positive association, all of them with significant tendency. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of self-reported traffic accidents shows higher risk for men with higher income, lower level of schooling and who ingest alcoholic beverages. They should be the target of prevention campaigns.

The prevalence of tuberculosis in the state of Acre

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com o objetivo de estudar a prevalencia da tuberculose no Estado do Acre, no periodo de 1995 a 2001. Os dados foram levantados junto aos formularios do Programa de Controle da Tuberculose da Secretaria de Saude e Saneamento. Os dados mostram que a incidencia tem mantido uma media de 343,7 casos novos por ano. A forma pulmonar foi a mais encontrada, representando 90,0%. Dentre as faixas etarias destacam-se a de 20-49 anos, com 1347 (56,0%) e a de 60 e mais anos com 412 (17,0%). No periodo de 1998 a 2001 o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido pela doenca onde o ano de 2000 representou 58,2% dos casos. A media da taxa de cura foi de 71,0% e o abandono do tratamento com 14,8% em 2001 e 32,3% em 1995. Para o obito o menor percentual foi em 1995 (1,0%) e o maior em 1997 (7,0%). Para a ocorrencia de co-infeccao entre TB/AIDS e HIV/TB foram notificados cinco casos. A cobertura populacional do programa em todos os anos esteve dentro da faixa de 90%, sendo que dos 22 municipios 6 (27,3%) ainda nao possuem nenhuma acao de controle da doenca.It is a descriptive study with the aim of studying the prevalence of tuberculosis in the State of Acre from 1995 to 2001. The data were collected from the forms of the Program for Tuberculosis Control of the Health and Sanitation Office. The data show that the incidence has been maintaining an average of 343.7 new cases a year. The pulmonary type was the most prevalent one, accounting for 90.0%. Among the age groups, the 20-49 age range, with 1347 (56.0%) and the 60 and over-60 age range, with 412 (17.0%), stand out. From 1998 to 2001 the male sex was the most attacked one by the disease, when the year 2000 accounted for 58.2% of the cases. The average of the cure rate was 71.0% and abandonment of treatment was 14.8% in 2001 and 32.3% in 1995. The smallest percentage of death occurred in 1995 (1.0%) and the largest one in 1997 (7.0%). Five cases were notified for the occurrence of coinfection between TB/AIDS and HIV/TB. The programs population coverage was within 90% every year. From the 22 cities, 6 (27.3%) still do not have any action for controlling the disease.

Auditorias e distorções: Ênfase nas Atividades de Anotação de Enfermagem

Estudio junto a 34 Relatorios de Auditorio Tecnico-Contable, realizados en Unidades de Salud de Rio Bronco - Acre, en los anos de 1994/95, envolviendo las actividades del SIA-SIH/SUS. Como objetivo fueron analizadas las distorciones encontradas, segun 8 categorias en diferentes areas de actuacion, dando enfasis en las actividades de anotaciones de enfermeria. Establecieronse, tambien, sub categorias, las cuales fueron agrupadas por semejanza de contenido. En las 34 auditorias fueron encontradas 491 distorciones representando una media de 14,4 distorciones por unidad. Como resultados mas significativos de las categorias, se destacan las 198 (40,6 %) distorciones en Administracion; 121 (24,6 %), en Medicina; 99 (20,2 %), en Enfermeria y 51 (10,2%), en contabilidad. Dentro de las sub categorias en Enfermeria, mencionanse las 34 (34,3 %) distorciones en anotacion de Enfermeria y 15 (15,1 %) en la administracion de medicamentos. Como conclusion fue evidenciado que el personal de Enfermeria no viene obedeciendo las reglas de anotacion de enfermeria, poniendo en riesgo no solo al paciente, como tambien el profesional y la propia unidad de salud. Tales resultados, sin duda, contribuiran en mucho com los tecnicos involucrados en la produccion, control e auditoria en los recursos procedentes del SUS.

EXAMES GERAIS DE QUALIFICAÇÃO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA AO NÍVEL DE DOUTORADO

This is a report of experience obtained on the occasion of General Qualifying Exams taken by candidates to the Doctoral degree in the Graduate Program of the School of Nursing at Sao Paulo and Ribeirao Preto, of the University of Sao Paulo. Documents concerning legal rules were consulted, along with relevant literature that permitted us to obtain indepth information about the research lines, methods and activities used by nursing researches, as a way of facilitating the collection of information about authors. We trust that this experience will help clarify the subject for colleagues who intend to take these exams.

Subsídios para uma reflexão acerca da aplicação de resultados de pesquisas pelo enfermeiro assistencial

A study was carried out on care-providing nurses in Rio de Janeiro in order to question the application of research results and to survey the facilities and dificulties. Data were collected using an interview form. The results show that nurses are applying the results of research despite the limitations.

Estudo do peso do recém-nascido, faixa etária da mãe e tipo de parto

This article has as its objective the study of the weight of the newly born, the age group of the mother and the kind of deliveries which took place in the maternity wards in Rio Branco - Acre Federal State - Brazil, in the period between 1994 and 1996. It was observed that 73,8% of the deliveries were regular and 25,5% were cesareans. Adolescents, between 10 to 14 years old represented 5,4% of the total of the deliveries. In relation to the weight of the newly born, 84,6% met the expectations, 7,4% were underwieght and 6,6% were overweight. The present study also found that the data related to weight, age and gender was ignored in many cases, which shows flaws on the registration system of the institutions analyzed. As a conclusion, we would like to stress the importance of prenatal assistance both for the mother and the child, and also the effort on the part of the Maternity and Nursing management regarding the production and analysis of data.This article has as its objective the study of the weight of the newly born, the age group of the mother and the kind of deliveries which took place in the maternity wards in Rio Branco--Acre Federal State--Brazil, in the period between 1994 and 1996. It was observed that 73.8% of the deliveries were regular and 25.5% were cesareans. Adolescents, between 10 to 14 years old represented 5.4% of the total of the deliveries. In relation to the weight of the newly born, 84.6% met the expectations, 7.4% were underweight and 6.6% were overweight. The present study also found that the data related to weight, age and gender was ignored in many cases, which shows flaws on the registration system of the institutions analyzed. As a conclusion, we would like to stress the importance of prenatal assistance both for the mother and the child, and also the effort on the part of the Maternity and Nursing management regarding the production and analysis of data.