Cristiaini Kano

Desempenho do quiabeiro consorciado com adubos verdes eretos de porte baixo em dois sistemas de cultivo

To evaluate the agronomic viability of the intercropping okra crop (Abelmoschus esculentus) with small size and erect green manuring species Mucuna deeringiana and Crotalaria spectabilis, two experiments were carried out, one in conventional system at Monte Alegre do Sul, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, from February to July 2008 and one in an organic system at Sao Roque, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, from December 2008 to June 2009. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with five treatments and five replications. The five treatments were constituted by okra monoculture and okra intercropped with one or two lines of M. deeringiana and one or two lines of C.spectabilis in the seeded at the same time of the okra crop. In organic farming two new treatments were added to the experiment to evaluate the green manures in single cropping. Production, number of fruits per plant, fruit length and diameter and plant height were evaluated in okra plants and plant height and fresh matter weight were determined in the green manuring plants at different periods after seeding.. The evaluation of the efficiency of the consortium was measured by the ratio of area equivalent (RAE). Average yield per okra plant was 190.9 and 582.0 g plant-1, respectively, under conventional and organic cropping. The RAE was 1.5 and 1.6 in the consortium of okra with two rows of M. deeringiana and Crotalaria spectabilis, respectively. Intercropping erect short green manuring species with okra is agronomically viable and can be used by family farmers without interference with the yield of okra crop.

Phosphorus rates on yield and quality of lettuce seeds

Because of lack of information about phosphorus fertilization in lettuce from the standpoint of seed production, this study was undertaken. The work was carried out in Botucatu, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, from September 25, 2003 to February 19, 2004, in order to study the influence of crescents phosphorus rates on yield and quality of lettuce seeds, cultivar Veronica. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments (0; 200; 400; 600 and 800 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ) and five replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: seed production per plant (g plant -1 ), number of seeds per plant and quality (percentage of germination and seed vigor). A linear increasing was observed on production and number of seeds per plant of lettuce with phosphorus rates, but these rates did not affect the seed physiological quality evaluated on weight of 1,000 seeds (average = 0.91 g), first count of germination (98%), standard germination test (99%), seed germination speed index (68.5), seedling emergence speed index (97.0) and emerged seedlings (49.3%).

Web blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris): a new disease on leaves of okra plants

Arq. Inst. Biol., v.84, 1-5, e0252016, 2017 ABSTRACT: In an experiment on organic production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) that was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014, in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, we observed large chlorotic, necrotic, helical, discontinuous, dark or light-brown lesions with partial detachment of the injured area on the adaxial surface of leaves located in the median and basal portions of the plants. A whitish mycelium mantle covers the lesions on the leaves at the abaxial surface at high moisture conditions. Using morphological characteristics, Koch’s postulates, and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region, we identified that the fungus causing the lesions on the okra leaves was Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk (asexual stage of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn of the anastomosis group AG-1 ID). This is the first report of T. cucumeris causing web blight on okra in Brazil, and probably in the world. So far, T. cucumeris was described on okra only on post-harvest pods rotting and seedlings’ damping off.

Adubação nitrogenada sobre a ocorrência de doenças em pós-colheita do morango

This study evaluated the effect of nitrogen doses on postharvest diseases of strawberry cultivars Camino Real, Festival and Oso Grande. The nitrogen in urea formulation was evaluated at the recommended dose (100%) based on the official recommendation to the culture, and 3 lower doses (83, 67 and 50% of recommended), considering the fertilization at planting and cover applications. Fruits were harvested and weighed at 75% of its surface with a bright red color. Twelve fruits per plot were sampled in 3 collections from the second flowering and assessed for disease incidence during five days of storage at 25°C and 85% relative humidity. The identification of disease was made daily, based on symptoms and pathogen signs. There was no effect of nitrogen doses on yield and incidence of postharvest diseases, expressed as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Increased average production was observed in cultivars Festival and Oso Grand. The overall incidence of disease among the cultivars did not differ significantly. Gray mold was the main disease, affecting more than 30% of fruits, followed by Rhizopus and yeast rot.