Cristiana Koschnitzke

Nomenclatural Alterations in Microlicieae (Melastomataceae)

ABSTRACT With the recent taxonomic review of Chaetostoma DC., it was found that six species did not present the set of diagnostic features established to delimit the genus. Chaetostoma is characterized by sessile, keeled to subkeeled, overlapping, acute leaves and a trichome crown on the external apex of the length of the hypanthium. Three species of Chaetostoma are transferred to Microlicia D. Don: M. acuminata Naudin (C. acuminatum (Naudin) Cogniaux), M. castrata Naudin (C. castratum (Naudin) Cogniaux), and M. oxyanthera Naudin (C. oxyantherum (Naudin) Triana). Two new names are also proposed: M. baumgratziana A. B. Martins & Koschnitzke (C. gardneri Triana) and M. semiriana Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins (C. luetzelburgii Markgraf). The new combination M. parvula (Markgraf) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins (C. parvulum Markgraf) is provided. The name M. oxyanthera Naudin is lectotypified herein.

New Combinations and a New Species in the Brazilian Genus Chaetostoma DC. (Microlicieae: Melastomataceae)

Four new combinations in Chaetostoma (C. albiflorum, C. cupressinum, C. selagineum, C. stenocladon,) are proposed, and a new species, Chaetostoma flavum, endemic to the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goids, Brazil, is described. The new species can be distinguished by its 4-5-locular ovary and antisepalous stamens with prolonged appendages. Chaetostoma DC. is a genus endemic to Brazil comprising 11 species that occur in campo rupestre, campo de altitude, and campo cerrado vegetation in the states of Goids, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, with a less considerable representation in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Sio Paulo, and Parani. This genus can be distinguished within the tribe Microlicieae, especially with regard to Microlicia D. Don, to which it has the closest affinity, by the combination of the following diagnostic features: carinate, imbricate, and pungent leaves without translucent dots; the mature capsule longer than the hypanthium; and a crown of trichomes around the outward apex of the hypanthium. The distinction between Chaetostoma and Microlicia has been made by Cogniaux (1883, 1891), in the last revision of these genera, on the basis of just one character: the morphology of the stamens, considered equal in both cycles in Chaetostoma and very unequal in Microlicia. This character has proven to be unreliable, and the most striking difference between these genera is in the possession of the crown of trichomes on the hypanthium in all species of Chaetostoma, which is absent in all species of Microlicia. In a recent revision of Chaetostoma (Koschnitzke, 1997), some taxonomic novelties were recognized, and it was found necessary to propose some new combinations and a new species for the genus. Chaetostoma albiflorum (Naudin) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, stat. nov. Basionym: Chaetostoma pungens DC. var. albiflorum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sir. 3, 3: 191. 1845. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Serra de Carrancas, 1822, A. St-Hilaire s.n. (holotype, P not seen). Chaetostoma pungens DC. var. pallidiflorum Cogniaux, in Martius, F1. Bras. 14: 32. 1883. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Serra de Itatiaia, Mar. 1839, Riedel s.n. [Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil no. 922] (lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, BM, G, K, W). Chaetostoma cupressinum (D. Don) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, comb. nov. Basionym: Microlicia cupressina D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 302. 1823. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: 6 May 1819, Sellow 1329 (holotype, BM; isotype, BR). Chaetostoma luteum Cogniaux, in Martius, F1. Bras. 14: 589-590. 1888. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Sao Joao del Rey, Serra do Lenheiro, 24 June 1887, Glaziou 16769 (holotype, B destroyed; lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, C, F, G, K, MO, P, RB). Chaetostoma lutem Cogniaux var. quadrifarium Cogniaux, in A. DeCandolle & C. DeCandolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 29. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Sgo Jolo del Rey, Serra do Lenheiro, 24 Jan. 1889, Glaziou 17503 (holotype, BR; isotypes, BR, C, F, G, K, P, R). Chaetostoma trauninense Cogniaux, in A. DeCandolle & C. DeCandolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 30. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Sao Joao del Rey, Serra do Lenheiro, 24 June 1887, Glaziou 16769a (lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, B, C, F, K, RB). Chaetostoma joannae Cogniaux, in A. DeCandolle & C. DeCandolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 28. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Serra do Lenheiro, 1889, Glaziou 17504 (lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, B, BR, C, F, G, K, P). Chaetostoma selagineum (Naudin) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, comb. nov. Basionym: Microlicia selaginea Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sdr. 3, 3: 188. 1845. TYPE: Brazil. Goids: Chapadao, A. St-Hilaire 550 (holotype, P not seen; isotype, F). Chaetostoma stenocladon (Naudin) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, comb. nov. Basionym: Microlicia stenocladon Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sdr. 3, 3: 188. 1845. TYPE: Brazil. Goids: Serra dos Pirineus, 17 June 1819, A. St-Hilaire s.n. (holotype, P not seen; isotype, F). NovoN 9: 202-204. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.173 on Thu, 19 May 2016 05:43:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 2 1999 Koschnitzke & Martins Chaetostoma from Brazil 203

First record of the behavior of latex drainage by Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in laticiferous flowers

This paper describes the behavior of the bee Trigona spinipes, to avoid the latex, when piercing the base of the tubular corolla of the flowers of Mandevilla guanabarica in order to steal the nectar.

Flores ornitófilas odoríferas: duas espécies de Palicourea (Rubiaceae)na Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, ES, Brasil

Palicourea guianensis and P. marcgravii have inflorescences and flowers with bright coloration. Their flowers are tubular hummingbird pollinated but they are visited by butterflies too. These flowers have sweet odour and their corolla tube colored when treated with neutral red. Its possible to be a case of mixed pollination syndrome or representvestiges of a scented ancestry in phylogenetic lineage.

The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study

Abstract Background and Aims Large clades of angiosperms are often characterized by diverse interactions with pollinators, but how these pollination systems are structured phylogenetically and biogeographically is still uncertain for most families. Apocynaceae is a clade of >5300 species with a worldwide distribution. A database representing >10 % of species in the family was used to explore the diversity of pollinators and evolutionary shifts in pollination systems across major clades and regions. Methods The database was compiled from published and unpublished reports. Plants were categorized into broad pollination systems and then subdivided to include bimodal systems. These were mapped against the five major divisions of the family, and against the smaller clades. Finally, pollination systems were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction that included those species for which sequence data are available, and transition rates between pollination systems were calculated. Key Results Most Apocynaceae are insect pollinated with few records of bird pollination. Almost three-quarters of species are pollinated by a single higher taxon (e.g. flies or moths); 7 % have bimodal pollination systems, whilst the remaining approx. 20 % are insect generalists. The less phenotypically specialized flowers of the Rauvolfioids are pollinated by a more restricted set of pollinators than are more complex flowers within the Apocynoids + Periplocoideae + Secamonoideae + Asclepiadoideae (APSA) clade. Certain combinations of bimodal pollination systems are more common than others. Some pollination systems are missing from particular regions, whilst others are over-represented. Conclusions Within Apocynaceae, interactions with pollinators are highly structured both phylogenetically and biogeographically. Variation in transition rates between pollination systems suggest constraints on their evolution, whereas regional differences point to environmental effects such as filtering of certain pollinators from habitats. This is the most extensive analysis of its type so far attempted and gives important insights into the diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large clades.