Cristiane Batisti Ferreira

The influence of intense intermittent versus moderate continuous exercise on postprandial lipemia

INTRODUCTION: Postprandial lipemia is characterized by an increased concentration of circulating lipids after fat intake and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is known to reduce postprandial lipemia and its negative clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of intense intermittent versus moderate continuous exercise using the same energy expenditure in postprandial lipemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy men (aged 21.5±3.5 years) performed a random sequence of either rest or 500 Kcal tests separated by a minimum 48 h interval as follows: (a) no exercise (control), (b) intense intermittent exercise, or (c) moderate continuous exercise. Each test series was completed 30 min before ingestion of a high-fat meal (1 g fat/kg). Venous blood was collected before and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after the high-fat meal. Postprandial lipemia was assessed using the area under the curve approach as well as a kinetic profile of mean lipid variables. Statistical significance was tested at the p≤0.05 level. RESULTS: With both statistical approaches, intense intermittent and moderate continuous exercises were both effective in reducing postprandial triglycerides; however, only intense intermittent exercise reduced the levels of postprandial very low density lipoprotein. Intense intermittent and continuous exercise produced lower levels of insulinemia using the area under the curve analysis only. CONCLUSION: Intense intermittent or continuous exercise with an energy expenditure of 500 kcal completed 30 min before ingestion of high-fat meal reduced postprandial lipid levels to different levels in physically active men. Understanding these relevant differences will enable clinicians to provide the best exercise prescription for patients.

Prediction of metabolic syndrome in children through anthropometric indicators

FUNDAMENTO: Debido a la necesidad de medir las variables antropometricas, bioquimicas y hemodinamicas para el diagnostico del sindrome metabolico, se percibe la dificultad de la evaluacion de grandes poblaciones, principalmente en ninos, provocada por el dificil acceso y por el caracter invasivo. Es urgente la necesidad de desarrollar formas diagnosticas de facil aplicacion, buena precision y bajo costo, con la finalidad de predecir el sindrome metabolico ya en las edades iniciales. OBJETIVO: Verificar la prevalencia del sindrome metabolico en ninos y probar los indicadores antropometricos con capacidad predictiva. METODOS: Estudio transversal realizado con 109 ninos, de 7 a 11 anos. Se utilizo el criterio National Cholesterol Education Program para el diagnostico del sindrome metabolico, adaptado a la edad. Como posibles predictores, fueron probados: indice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC), relacion cintura/cadera (RCC), indice de conicidad (indice C) y el porcentual de grasa corporal. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia del sindrome metabolico fue de 13,3% y 36% para ninos y ninas, respectivamente. Los principales indicadores antropometricos fueron: IMC = 0,81 (0,69 - 0,94), CC = 0,79 (0,64 - 0,94), grasa corporal = 0,79 (0,66 - 0,92) y RCC = 0,37 (0,21 - 0,54). CONCLUSION: Fueron considerados factores predictores del sindrome metabolico la CC superior a 78 cm, la grasa corporal superior a 41% y el IMC superior a 24,5 kg/m2. El indice C y la RCC no fueron considerados predictores.BACKGROUND Because of the need to measure anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic variables for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, we realize how difficult it is to analyze large populations, especially children, due to the poor accessibility and the invasive character. There is an urgent need to develop easy-to-use, accurate and low-cost diagnostic tools in order to predict metabolic syndrome at early ages. OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and to test predictive anthropometric indicators. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted among 109 children aged 7 to 11 years. The age-adjusted National Cholesterol Education Program definition was used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The following parameters were tested as possible predictors: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (C index), and body fat percentage. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13.3% and 36% for boys and girls, respectively. The main anthropometric indicators were: BMI = 0.81 (0.69 - 0.94), WC = 0.79 (0.64 - 0.94), body fat = 0.79 (0.66 - 0.92) and WHR = 0.37 (0.21 - 0.54). CONCLUSION WC higher than 78 cm, body fat higher than 41%, and BMI higher than 24.5 kg/m² were considered predictors of metabolic syndrome. The C index and WHR were not considered predictors.

Predição da síndrome metabólica em crianças por indicadores antropométricos

FUNDAMENTO: Debido a la necesidad de medir las variables antropometricas, bioquimicas y hemodinamicas para el diagnostico del sindrome metabolico, se percibe la dificultad de la evaluacion de grandes poblaciones, principalmente en ninos, provocada por el dificil acceso y por el caracter invasivo. Es urgente la necesidad de desarrollar formas diagnosticas de facil aplicacion, buena precision y bajo costo, con la finalidad de predecir el sindrome metabolico ya en las edades iniciales. OBJETIVO: Verificar la prevalencia del sindrome metabolico en ninos y probar los indicadores antropometricos con capacidad predictiva. METODOS: Estudio transversal realizado con 109 ninos, de 7 a 11 anos. Se utilizo el criterio National Cholesterol Education Program para el diagnostico del sindrome metabolico, adaptado a la edad. Como posibles predictores, fueron probados: indice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC), relacion cintura/cadera (RCC), indice de conicidad (indice C) y el porcentual de grasa corporal. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia del sindrome metabolico fue de 13,3% y 36% para ninos y ninas, respectivamente. Los principales indicadores antropometricos fueron: IMC = 0,81 (0,69 - 0,94), CC = 0,79 (0,64 - 0,94), grasa corporal = 0,79 (0,66 - 0,92) y RCC = 0,37 (0,21 - 0,54). CONCLUSION: Fueron considerados factores predictores del sindrome metabolico la CC superior a 78 cm, la grasa corporal superior a 41% y el IMC superior a 24,5 kg/m2. El indice C y la RCC no fueron considerados predictores.BACKGROUND Because of the need to measure anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic variables for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, we realize how difficult it is to analyze large populations, especially children, due to the poor accessibility and the invasive character. There is an urgent need to develop easy-to-use, accurate and low-cost diagnostic tools in order to predict metabolic syndrome at early ages. OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and to test predictive anthropometric indicators. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted among 109 children aged 7 to 11 years. The age-adjusted National Cholesterol Education Program definition was used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The following parameters were tested as possible predictors: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (C index), and body fat percentage. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13.3% and 36% for boys and girls, respectively. The main anthropometric indicators were: BMI = 0.81 (0.69 - 0.94), WC = 0.79 (0.64 - 0.94), body fat = 0.79 (0.66 - 0.92) and WHR = 0.37 (0.21 - 0.54). CONCLUSION WC higher than 78 cm, body fat higher than 41%, and BMI higher than 24.5 kg/m² were considered predictors of metabolic syndrome. The C index and WHR were not considered predictors.

The effect of aerobic exercise intensity on attenuation of postprandial lipemia is dependent on apolipoprotein E genotype

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise intensity on postprandial lipemia according to allelic variants of the apolipoprotein E gene. METHODS Three groups of 10 healthy men each were formed based genotyping of the APOE gene, rested or performed 500 Kcal tests in a random sequence separated by a minimum 48 h interval, as follows: (a) no exercise (control), (b) intense intermittent exercise, (c) moderate continuous exercise. Each test series was completed 30-min before ingestion of a high-fat meal (1 g fat/kg). Venous blood was collected before and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the high-fat meal. Postprandial lipemia was assessed using the area under the curve approach as well as the kinetic profile of mean lipid variables. Statistical significance was adopted at P ≤ 0.05 level. RESULTS The main results show that, in the moderate continuous exercise, total postprandial cholesterolemia was higher in ɛ4 than in ɛ2 carriers, whereas under intense intermittent exercise, total and LDL cholesterolemia were higher in ɛ4 than in ɛ2 and ɛ3 carriers. There was no difference in the lipemic profile of the subjects across APOE genotypes at baseline. CONCLUSION Moderate and intense exercise were effective in attenuating PPL in both ɛ2 and ɛ3 subjects, with ɛ2 subjects being more susceptible to the lipid lowering effect of moderate training than ɛ3 subjects. Carriers of the ɛ4 allele, however, showed no attenuation of postprandial lipemia.

Risk of glycemic disorder in elderly women adjusted by anthropometric parameters and cytokine genotypes

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to examine the association of glucose intolerance and type-2 diabetes mellitus with the -174 G > C and -308 G > A allelic variations of IL-6 and TNF-α, respectively, through anthropometric measurements and age strata. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using data from 285 community dwelling elderly women who underwent physical, biochemical, and genetic examinations. RESULT Genotype-unadjusted analysis revealed that the risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes in elderly women with elevated BMI was 1.71 and 2.82 times higher, respectively, whereas age and conicity index did not show predictive value. Prevalence ratios for glucose intolerance and diabetes across allelic variants of IL-6 and TNF-α did not associate IL-6 with unbalanced glucose levels, despite adjustment for BMI, age, and conicity index. Conversely, carriers of the TNF-α A allele were 2.06 and 5.58 times more likely to exhibit glucose intolerance and diabetes, respectively, compared to GG homozygotes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that bearing the A allele of the -308 G > A polymorphism of TNF-α predisposes to anthropometric measure-sensitive impaired glucose metabolism in older women.

Functional capacity and obesity reflect the cognitive performance of older adults living in long-term care facilities

With the increase in life expectancy, the elderly Brazilian population has grown considerably. However, longevity is usually accompanied by problems such as the loss of functional capacity, cognitive decline, and deterioration in anthropometric parameters, particularly among those living in long‐term care facilities. We analyzed the relationship among cognitive performance, anthropometry, and functional capacity in institutionalized elderly individuals.

Risco de distúrbio glicêmico em mulheres idosas ajustado por antropometria e genótipos de citocinas

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to examine the association of glucose intolerance and type-2 diabetes mellitus with the -174 G > C and -308 G > A allelic variations of IL-6 and TNF-α, respectively, through anthropometric measurements and age strata. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using data from 285 community dwelling elderly women who underwent physical, biochemical, and genetic examinations. RESULT: Genotype-unadjusted analysis revealed that the risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes in elderly women with elevated BMI was 1.71 and 2.82 times higher, respectively, whereas age and conicity index did not show predictive value. Prevalence ratios for glucose intolerance and diabetes across allelic variants of IL-6 and TNF-α did not associate IL-6 with unbalanced glucose levels, despite adjustment for BMI, age, and conicity index. Conversely, carriers of the TNF-α A allele were 2.06 and 5.58 times more likely to exhibit glucose intolerance and diabetes, respectively, compared to GG homozygotes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that bearing the A allele of the -308 G > A polymorphism of TNF-α predisposes to anthropometric measure-sensitive impaired glucose metabolism in older women.

Predicción del síndrome metabólico en niños por indicadores antropométricos

FUNDAMENTO: Debido a la necesidad de medir las variables antropometricas, bioquimicas y hemodinamicas para el diagnostico del sindrome metabolico, se percibe la dificultad de la evaluacion de grandes poblaciones, principalmente en ninos, provocada por el dificil acceso y por el caracter invasivo. Es urgente la necesidad de desarrollar formas diagnosticas de facil aplicacion, buena precision y bajo costo, con la finalidad de predecir el sindrome metabolico ya en las edades iniciales. OBJETIVO: Verificar la prevalencia del sindrome metabolico en ninos y probar los indicadores antropometricos con capacidad predictiva. METODOS: Estudio transversal realizado con 109 ninos, de 7 a 11 anos. Se utilizo el criterio National Cholesterol Education Program para el diagnostico del sindrome metabolico, adaptado a la edad. Como posibles predictores, fueron probados: indice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC), relacion cintura/cadera (RCC), indice de conicidad (indice C) y el porcentual de grasa corporal. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia del sindrome metabolico fue de 13,3% y 36% para ninos y ninas, respectivamente. Los principales indicadores antropometricos fueron: IMC = 0,81 (0,69 - 0,94), CC = 0,79 (0,64 - 0,94), grasa corporal = 0,79 (0,66 - 0,92) y RCC = 0,37 (0,21 - 0,54). CONCLUSION: Fueron considerados factores predictores del sindrome metabolico la CC superior a 78 cm, la grasa corporal superior a 41% y el IMC superior a 24,5 kg/m2. El indice C y la RCC no fueron considerados predictores.BACKGROUND Because of the need to measure anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic variables for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, we realize how difficult it is to analyze large populations, especially children, due to the poor accessibility and the invasive character. There is an urgent need to develop easy-to-use, accurate and low-cost diagnostic tools in order to predict metabolic syndrome at early ages. OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and to test predictive anthropometric indicators. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted among 109 children aged 7 to 11 years. The age-adjusted National Cholesterol Education Program definition was used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The following parameters were tested as possible predictors: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (C index), and body fat percentage. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13.3% and 36% for boys and girls, respectively. The main anthropometric indicators were: BMI = 0.81 (0.69 - 0.94), WC = 0.79 (0.64 - 0.94), body fat = 0.79 (0.66 - 0.92) and WHR = 0.37 (0.21 - 0.54). CONCLUSION WC higher than 78 cm, body fat higher than 41%, and BMI higher than 24.5 kg/m² were considered predictors of metabolic syndrome. The C index and WHR were not considered predictors.

Effects of a 12-Week Exercise Training Program on Physical Function in Institutionalized Frail Elderly

With the increase in life expectancy, the Brazilian elderly population has risen considerably. However, longevity is usually accompanied by problems such as the loss of functional capacity, cognitive decline, frailty syndrome, and deterioration in anthropometric parameters, particularly among those living in long-term care facilities. This randomized controlled trial aimed to verify the effects of exercise training on biochemical, inflammatory, and anthropometric indices and functional performance in institutionalized frail elderly. The sample consisted of 37 elderly people of both genders, aged 76.1 ± 7.7 years, who were randomly allocated into 2 groups: 13 individuals in the exercise group (EG) and 24 in the control group (CG). Anthropometrics, clinical history, functional tests, and biochemical evaluation were measured before and after the completion of a physical exercise program, which lasted for 12 weeks. The 12-week exercise program for frail elderly residents in a long-term care facility was efficient in improving muscle strength, speed, agility, and biochemical variables, with reversal of the frailty condition in a considerable number. However, no effects in anthropometric and inflammatory parameters were noted.