Cristiane Miotto Becker

Anionic surfactant aggregation with (Hydroxypropyl)cellulose in the presence of added salt

-1 ) was studied. The surfactants were sodium cholate (CS), sodium deoxycholate (DC) and sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS). By fluorescence probing, the critical aggregate concentration (C 1 ) decreased for SDS and DC in comparison to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) whereas it increased for CS at 298 K. The relative viscosity reached a maximum for SDS/HPC but remained constant for CS/HPC and DC/HPC. By light scattering, cloud points were verified to increase. By dynamic light scattering, it was concluded that, at low surfactant contents, the fast mode of HPC is related to surfactant/HPC aggregates and shorter HPC chains; at high contents, to free micelles. The slow mode is linked to interchain polymer-surfactant complexes and HPC clusters. For the bile salts/ HPC systems, the mechanism of aggregation may occur in two steps.

Studies on Anionic Surfactant Structure in the Aggregation with (Hydroxypropyl)cellulose

Fluorescence probing, viscosity and light scattering measurements have been combined to study the aggregation of different anionic surfactants mainly in dilute solutions (0.5% w/v) of (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC MW 173,000), in moderate ionic strength (NaCl 0.1 mol.L -1 ). The set of surfactants includes natural cholesterol derivatives, sodium cholate (CS) and sodium deoxycholate (DC), and the alkylsulphate, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS). At 298 K the critical surfactant concentration related to aggregate/HPC formation (C 1 ) decreases for SDS and DC whereas it increases slightly for CS. At 312 K the C 1 values for CS and DC are slightly shifted toward higher values whereas it is not changed for SDS. All surfactant/HPC systems increase C 1 values as the HPC concentration increases to 1.2%. Above C 1 the viscosity increases for all surfactant/HPC systems but it is sharper in the increasing order CS, DC and SDS. The hydrodynamic behavior indicates that CS induces higher diffusion to HPC than SDS and DC. The aggregation in the surfactant/HPC systems is analyzed through the feature of surfactant/aggregate structure (size, charge density, etc).

Sulfonation and characterization of styrene-indene copolymers for the development of proton conducting polymer membranes

The aim of this work is to obtain polymer precursors based on styrene copolymers with distinct degrees of sulfonation, as an alternative material for fuel cell membranes. Acetyl sulfate was used to carry out the sulfonation and the performance of the polyelectrolyte was evaluated based on the content of acid polar groups incorporated into the macromolecular chain. Polymeric films were produced by blending the sulfonated styrene-indene copolymer with poly(vinylidene fluoride). The degree of sulfonation of the polymer was strongly affected by the sulfonation reaction parameters, with a direct impact on the ionic exchange capacity and the ionic conductivity of the sulfonated polymers and the membranes obtained from them. The films produced with the blends showed more suitable mechanical properties, although the conductivity of the membranes was still lower than that of commercially available membranes used in fuel cells.

Avaliação das características da resina epóxi com diferentes aditivos desaerantes

This study aims alternative techniques to reduce the incidence of voids in polymeric resins and in composite materials. Different formulations were prepared using epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and an aliphatic polyamine hardener, with and without the addition of different degasing agents based on modified esters and ethers. The formulations produced were subjected to extreme agitation and processing conditions and we evaluated the incidence of bubbles and voids, density, mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. The results were very positive. We observed the decrease in number and size of pores by the use of vacuum degassing techniques and degasing agent additives.