Cristiano Montandon

Sacroiliíte: avaliação por imagem

Sacroiliitis is a non-infectious inflammatory process involving the sacroiliac joint, and is a diagnostic criterion for seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Imaging methods are of great value for confirming the diagnosis of this condition. The present study is a review of cases included in didactic files and in the literature to illustrate the anatomy, techniques, and main imaging findings in x-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for determining the diagnosis of sacroiliitis, also approaching main differential diagnoses.

Granuloma reparador de células gigantes: relato de cinco casos

Giant cell reparative granuloma is an uncommon bone lesion accounting for slightly less than 7% of all benign tumors of the jaw and affecting predominantly females. It probably represents a reparative reaction to a traumatic injury, although history of trauma is not always confirmed. The characteristic radiological feature is a uni- or multilocular lytic bone defect eroding the bone cortical and occasionally presenting with calcifications within the lesion. We report the most important clinical and radiological features observed in five patients with giant cell reparative granuloma involving the mandible and the maxillae and discuss the main aspects for the differential diagnosis with other fibro-osseous lesions that affect the facial bones.

Tumores glômicos subungueais: achados de imagem

OBJETIVO: Analisar os principais aspectos de imagem dos tumores glomicos subungueais. MATERIAIS E METODOS: Realizado estudo retrospectivo de oito casos de tumores glomicos subungueais, pertencentes a arquivos de duas clinicas particulares de Goiânia, GO, Brasil. Foram obtidas radiografias em cinco casos, ultrassonografia com Doppler em seis casos e ressonância magnetica em cinco casos. RESULTADOS: A idade media de acometimento no presente estudo foi de 39 anos, com predominio do sexo feminino, na proporcao de 7:1. Os tumores nao apresentaram predilecao por nenhum dedo e a maioria localizava-se na regiao subungueal mediana. A radiografia foi positiva em tres casos, demonstrando erosoes de pressao. A ultrassonografia com Doppler foi positiva em cinco casos, evidenciando nodulo solido, hipoecoico e hipervascularizado. A ressonância magnetica, em todos os casos, demonstrou nodulo solido com hipossinal em T1, hipersinal em T2 e captacao homogenea do meio de contraste. Em todos os pacientes foi realizada excisao cirurgica com confirmacao anatomopatologica. CONCLUSAO: A maioria dos tumores glomicos tem localizacao subungueal. O diagnostico e clinico, porem geralmente tardio. Os metodos de imagem auxiliam no diagnostico precoce, alem auxiliar no planejamento terapeutico, cujo tratamento de escolha e a excisao cirurgica.

Cistos congênitos do mediastino: aspectos de imagem

Congenital mediastinal cysts are uncommon benign lesions generally caused by an abnormal embryological development of the foregut or coelomic cavity. They are expansive lesions, frequently asymptomatic that may manifest as a result from compression of adjacent structures. Bronchogenic, pericardial, enteric, thymic, esophageal duplication cysts and lymphangiomas are the main entities in this group of lesions. Congenital mediastinal cysts morphology is typical and imaging methods allow a correct diagnosis in a great number of cases. Surgical treatment is indicated only in cases of symptomatic lesions, considering that these lesions present no potential for malignant degeneration. The present study was aimed at commenting and illustrating the most relevant imaging findings of these lesions based on a retrospective review of ten cases collected in the records of the involved institutions.

Apendicite aguda: achados na tomografia computadorizada - ensaio iconográfico

A apendicite aguda e a causa mais comum de dor abdominal aguda que requer intervencao cirurgica no mundo ocidental. O diagnostico precoce e essencial para minimizar a morbidade da doenca. O uso dos metodos de imagem significou grande avanco no diagnostico desta entidade, ate entao avaliada apenas com base na historia clinica, exame fisico e dados laboratoriais, haja vista que 20% a 33% dos pacientes apresentam sintomas atipicos. O diagnostico e mais dificil nas criancas, nos idosos e nas mulheres em idade fertil. Os principais metodos de imagem para sua avaliacao sao a ultra-sonografia e a tomografia computadorizada. Os objetivos deste trabalho sao: descrever a fisiopatologia da doenca, comentar os principais aspectos tecnicos da tomografia computadorizada, demonstrar e ilustrar os achados tomograficos e citar os principais diagnosticos diferenciais.

Disgenesia do corpo caloso e más-formações associadas: achados de tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética

Callosal dysgenesis is a malformation of the corpus callosum with origins in the embryogenesis of the telencephalon. We reviewed the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of 11 patients with callosal dysgenesis and one patient with normal corpus callosum associated with a lipoma. The patients were divided into three distinct groups: total agenesis (three patients), partial agenesis (six patients) and hypoplasia (two patients). Associated abnormalities were observed in nine patients, including Chiari II malformation (one patient), schizencephaly (one patient), interhemispheric cyst (two patients), Dandy-Walker cyst (one patient), nodular heterotopy (one patient) and lipoma of the corpus callosum (four patients). This paper presents a review that may contribute to the diagnosis of these disorders.

Leucocoria na infância: diagnóstico diferencial por ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética

Leukokoria is an abnormal pupillary reflex most commonly seen in children that usually results from an intra-ocular abnormality. The evaluation of a child with leukokoria should be performed particularly to rule out a retinoblastoma (the cause of leukokoria in half of the cases). The authors present the main clinical and imaging features for the diagnosis of the most common causes of leukokoria.