Cristina Maria Ganns Chaves Dias

Long-term aerobic swimming training by rats reduces the number of aberrant crypt foci in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer

We determined the effect of long-term aerobic swimming training regimens of different intensities on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats (11 weeks old) were given 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH, dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing 1.5% EDTA, pH 6.5), at 3-day intervals and divided into three exercise groups that swam with 0% body weight (EG1, N = 11), 2% body weight (EG2, N = 11), and 4% body weight of load (EG3, N = 10), 20 min/day, 5 days/week for 35 weeks, and one sedentary control group (CG, N = 10). At sacrifice, the colon was removed and counted for tumors and aberrant crypt foci. Tumor size was measured and intra-abdominal fat was weighed. The mean number of aberrant crypt foci was reduced only for EG2 compared to CG (26.21 +/- 2.99 vs 36.40 +/- 1.53 crypts; P < 0.05). Tumor incidence was not significantly different among groups (CG: 90%; EG1: 72.7%; EG2: 90%; EG3: 80%). Swimming training did not affect either tumor multiplicity (CG: 2.30 +/- 0.58; EG1: 2.09 +/- 0.44; EG2: 1.27 +/- 0.19; EG3: 1.50 +/- 0.48 tumors) or size (CG: 1.78 +/- 0.24; EG1: 1.81 +/- 0.14; EG2: 1.55 +/- 0.21; EG3: 2.17 +/- 0.22 cm(3)). Intra-abdominal fat was not significantly different among groups (CG: 10.54 +/- 2.73; EG1: 6.12 +/- 1.15; EG2: 7.85 +/- 1.24; EG3: 5.11 +/- 0.74 g). Aerobic swimming training with 2% body weight of load protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions, but not against tumor development in the rat.

Fish oil ingestion reduces the number of aberrant crypt foci and adenoma in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats

We determined the effect of fish oil (FO) ingestion on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats received 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 3-day intervals and were fed a diet containing 18% by weight FO (N = 10) or soybean oil (SO, N = 10) for 36 weeks. At sacrifice, the colon was removed, aberrant crypt foci were counted and the fatty acid profile was determined. Intestinal tumors were removed and classified as adenoma or carcinoma. Liver and feces were collected and analyzed for fatty acid profile. FO reduced the mean (+/- SEM) number of aberrant crypt foci compared to SO (113.55 +/- 6.97 vs 214.60 +/- 18.61; P < 0.05) and the incidence of adenoma (FO: 20% vs SO: 100%), but carcinoma occurred equally in FO and SO rats (2 animals per group). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile of the colon was affected by diet (P < 0.05): total omega-3 (FO: 8.18 +/- 0.97 vs SO: 1.71 +/- 0.54%) and total omega-6 (FO: 3.83 +/- 0.59 vs SO: 10.43 +/- 1.28%). The same occurred in the liver (P < 0.05): total omega-3 (FO: 34.41 +/- 2.6 vs SO: 6.46 +/- 0.59%) and total omega-6 (FO: 8.73 +/- 1.37 vs SO: 42.12 +/- 2.33%). The PUFA profile of the feces and liver polyamine levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicate that chronic FO ingestion protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions and adenoma development, but not against carcinoma in rats.

Anabolic steroid- and exercise-induced cardiac stress protein (HSP72) in the rat.

The present study investigated the effects of exercise and anabolic-androgenic steroids on cardiac HSP72 expression. Male Wistar rats were divided into experimental groups: nandrolone exercise (NE, N = 6), control exercise (CE, N = 6), nandrolone sedentary (NS, N = 6), and control sedentary (CS, N = 6). Animals in the NE and NS groups received a weekly intramuscular injection (6.5 mg/kg of body weight) of nandrolone decanoate, while those in the CS and CE groups received mineral oil as vehicle. Animals in the NE and CE groups were submitted to a progressive running program on a treadmill, for 8 weeks. Fragments of the left ventricle were collected at sacrifice and the relative immunoblot contents of HSP72 were determined. Heart weight to body weight ratio was higher in exercised than in sedentary animals (P < 0.05, 4.65 +/- 0.38 vs 4.20 +/- 0.47 mg/g, respectively), independently of nandrolone, and in nandrolone-treated than untreated animals (P < 0.05, 4.68 +/- 0.47 vs 4.18 +/- 0.32 mg/g, respectively), independently of exercise. Cardiac HSP72 accumulation was higher in exercised than in sedentary animals (P < 0.05, 677.16 +/- 129.14 vs 246.24 +/- 46.30 relative unit, respectively), independently of nandrolone, but not different between nandrolone-treated and untreated animals (P > 0.05, 560.88 +/- 127.53 vs 362.52 +/- 95.97 relative unit, respectively) independently of exercise. Exercise-induced HSP72 expression was not affected by nandrolone. These levels of HSP72 expression in response to nandrolone administration suggest either a low intracellular stress or a possible less protection to the myocardium.

Ácido linoléico conjugado e perda de peso

The prevention and the treatment of obesity have proved to be enormous challenges for health professionals. On their turn, the food and the pharmaceutical industries have been offering an increasingly vast array of new products which are said to promote weight loss. The conjugated linoleic acid, found in greater concentrations in the fat of ruminant mammals, seems to present favorable effects on body weight maintenance. This work reviewed the available data in the literature that related conjugated linoleic acid to energy expenditure and body composition, with the objective of better understanding its real or possible actions in the body, in particular, whether I does or does not promote weight loss. The studies on humans are not conclusive yet, although some of them have suggested an increase of lipolysis, and/or decrease of lipogenesis, which are reflected only on body composition changes, especially on the abdominal adipose tissue, but not on body weight loss. Furthermore, the high doses of conjugated linoleic acid used in these studies may produce undesirable collateral effects. Thus, more studies are necessary before this fat acid can be recommended as an agent to improve body composition and/or as an anti-obesity agent.

Different levels of Hsp72 in female rat myocardium in response to voluntary exercise and forced exercise.

BACKGROUND Physical exercise induces hemodynamic stress. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of stress protein (Hsp72) in the myocardium of female Wistar rats. METHODS Female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: forced treadmill running group (FR; n= 6), voluntary running group (VR; n=6) and control group (C; n=6). VR group animals had free access to running wheels, and those from FR group underwent a running program on a treadmill (18 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) fragments were collected at sacrifice, and the relative immunoblot contents of stress protein (Hsp72) were determined. RESULTS VR animals ran on average 4.87 km/wk, and FR rats ran 4.88 km/wk. Animals from VR and FR groups had less body weight gain (p<0.05) than those from C group (81.67 +/- 11.95g vs 81.17 +/- 10.18g vs 111.50 +/- 2.26g, respectively). Heart weight/body weight ratio was not significantly different (p>0.05) among VR, FR and C groups (4.54 +/- 0.79 mg/g vs 4.94 +/- 0.89 mg/g vs 4.34 +/- 0.87 mg/g, respectively). FR group animals had levels of Hsp72 (p<0.05) higher than those from VR, both in LV (287.45 +/- 35.86 % vs 135.59 +/- 5.10 %, respectively) and RV (241.31 +/- 25.83 % vs 137.91 +/- 45.20 %, respectively). CONCLUSION Voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of Hsp72 in the myocardium of female Wistar rats.BACKGROUND: Physical exercise induces hemodynamic stress. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of stress protein (Hsp72) in the myocardium of female Wistar rats. METHODS: Female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: forced treadmill running group (FR; n= 6), voluntary running group (VR; n=6) and control group (C; n=6). VR group animals had free access to running wheels, and those from FR group underwent a running program on a treadmill (18 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) fragments were collected at sacrifice, and the relative immunoblot contents of stress protein (Hsp72) were determined. RESULTS: VR animals ran on average 4.87 km/wk, and FR rats ran 4.88 km/wk. Animals from VR and FR groups had less body weight gain (p 0.05) among VR, FR and C groups (4.54 ± 0.79 mg/g vs 4.94 ± 0.89 mg/g vs 4.34 ± 0.87 mg/g, respectively). FR group animals had levels of Hsp72 (p<0.05) higher than those from VR, both in LV (287.45 ± 35.86 % vs 135.59 ± 5.10 %, respectively) and RV (241.31 ± 25.83 % vs 137.91 ± 45.20 %, respectively). CONCLUSION: Voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of Hsp72 in the myocardium of female Wistar rats.

Níveis distintos de Hsp72 no miocárdio de ratas em resposta aos exercícios voluntário e forçado

BACKGROUND Physical exercise induces hemodynamic stress. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of stress protein (Hsp72) in the myocardium of female Wistar rats. METHODS Female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: forced treadmill running group (FR; n= 6), voluntary running group (VR; n=6) and control group (C; n=6). VR group animals had free access to running wheels, and those from FR group underwent a running program on a treadmill (18 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) fragments were collected at sacrifice, and the relative immunoblot contents of stress protein (Hsp72) were determined. RESULTS VR animals ran on average 4.87 km/wk, and FR rats ran 4.88 km/wk. Animals from VR and FR groups had less body weight gain (p<0.05) than those from C group (81.67 +/- 11.95g vs 81.17 +/- 10.18g vs 111.50 +/- 2.26g, respectively). Heart weight/body weight ratio was not significantly different (p>0.05) among VR, FR and C groups (4.54 +/- 0.79 mg/g vs 4.94 +/- 0.89 mg/g vs 4.34 +/- 0.87 mg/g, respectively). FR group animals had levels of Hsp72 (p<0.05) higher than those from VR, both in LV (287.45 +/- 35.86 % vs 135.59 +/- 5.10 %, respectively) and RV (241.31 +/- 25.83 % vs 137.91 +/- 45.20 %, respectively). CONCLUSION Voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of Hsp72 in the myocardium of female Wistar rats.BACKGROUND: Physical exercise induces hemodynamic stress. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of stress protein (Hsp72) in the myocardium of female Wistar rats. METHODS: Female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: forced treadmill running group (FR; n= 6), voluntary running group (VR; n=6) and control group (C; n=6). VR group animals had free access to running wheels, and those from FR group underwent a running program on a treadmill (18 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) fragments were collected at sacrifice, and the relative immunoblot contents of stress protein (Hsp72) were determined. RESULTS: VR animals ran on average 4.87 km/wk, and FR rats ran 4.88 km/wk. Animals from VR and FR groups had less body weight gain (p 0.05) among VR, FR and C groups (4.54 ± 0.79 mg/g vs 4.94 ± 0.89 mg/g vs 4.34 ± 0.87 mg/g, respectively). FR group animals had levels of Hsp72 (p<0.05) higher than those from VR, both in LV (287.45 ± 35.86 % vs 135.59 ± 5.10 %, respectively) and RV (241.31 ± 25.83 % vs 137.91 ± 45.20 %, respectively). CONCLUSION: Voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of Hsp72 in the myocardium of female Wistar rats.

O PET-Saúde como ferramenta estratégica de implantação de um curso de medicina em uma universidade pública: relato de uma experiência

As part of its expansion plan, the Federal University in Vicosa created its School Of Medicine. Based on the Brazilian National Curriculum guidelines, the course seeks early integration of students into the primary care network. Central concerns in creating the course included integration of the school with public healthcare services and training of human resources with a sense of social responsibility, commitment to citizenship, and skills for serving the populations needs and operationalizing the Unified National Health System. The school was accredited by the Ministry of Education, with simultaneous approval for a project under the Educational Program for Health Work (PET-Saude). This case report analyzes the multiple challenges of creating a new school of medicine in a traditional public university, based on the National Curriculum guidelines and an integrated curriculum, (re)thinking the initial experiences of the protagonists in the Educational Program for Health Work (PET-Saude/UFV).

Niveles distintos de Hsp72 en el miocardio de ratas en respuesta a los ejercicios voluntario y forzado

BACKGROUND Physical exercise induces hemodynamic stress. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of stress protein (Hsp72) in the myocardium of female Wistar rats. METHODS Female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: forced treadmill running group (FR; n= 6), voluntary running group (VR; n=6) and control group (C; n=6). VR group animals had free access to running wheels, and those from FR group underwent a running program on a treadmill (18 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) fragments were collected at sacrifice, and the relative immunoblot contents of stress protein (Hsp72) were determined. RESULTS VR animals ran on average 4.87 km/wk, and FR rats ran 4.88 km/wk. Animals from VR and FR groups had less body weight gain (p<0.05) than those from C group (81.67 +/- 11.95g vs 81.17 +/- 10.18g vs 111.50 +/- 2.26g, respectively). Heart weight/body weight ratio was not significantly different (p>0.05) among VR, FR and C groups (4.54 +/- 0.79 mg/g vs 4.94 +/- 0.89 mg/g vs 4.34 +/- 0.87 mg/g, respectively). FR group animals had levels of Hsp72 (p<0.05) higher than those from VR, both in LV (287.45 +/- 35.86 % vs 135.59 +/- 5.10 %, respectively) and RV (241.31 +/- 25.83 % vs 137.91 +/- 45.20 %, respectively). CONCLUSION Voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of Hsp72 in the myocardium of female Wistar rats.BACKGROUND: Physical exercise induces hemodynamic stress. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of stress protein (Hsp72) in the myocardium of female Wistar rats. METHODS: Female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: forced treadmill running group (FR; n= 6), voluntary running group (VR; n=6) and control group (C; n=6). VR group animals had free access to running wheels, and those from FR group underwent a running program on a treadmill (18 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) fragments were collected at sacrifice, and the relative immunoblot contents of stress protein (Hsp72) were determined. RESULTS: VR animals ran on average 4.87 km/wk, and FR rats ran 4.88 km/wk. Animals from VR and FR groups had less body weight gain (p 0.05) among VR, FR and C groups (4.54 ± 0.79 mg/g vs 4.94 ± 0.89 mg/g vs 4.34 ± 0.87 mg/g, respectively). FR group animals had levels of Hsp72 (p<0.05) higher than those from VR, both in LV (287.45 ± 35.86 % vs 135.59 ± 5.10 %, respectively) and RV (241.31 ± 25.83 % vs 137.91 ± 45.20 %, respectively). CONCLUSION: Voluntary running and forced running induced different levels of Hsp72 in the myocardium of female Wistar rats.