Crystal Pike

The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010).

BACKGROUND The economic burden of depression in the United States--including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and dysthymia--was estimated at

Societal cost of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the US.

83.1 billion in 2000. We update these findings using recent data, focusing on MDD alone and accounting for comorbid physical and psychiatric disorders. METHOD Using national survey (DSM-IV criteria) and administrative claims data (ICD-9 codes), we estimate the incremental economic burden of individuals with MDD as well as the share of these costs attributable to MDD, with attention to any changes that occurred between 2005 and 2010. RESULTS The incremental economic burden of individuals with MDD increased by 21.5% (from

Direct and Indirect Costs of Non-Vertebral Fracture Patients with Osteoporosis in the US

173.2 billion to

Healthcare Costs and Workloss Burden of Patients with Chemotherapy-Associated Peripheral Neuropathy in Breast, Ovarian, Head and Neck, and Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

210.5 billion, inflation-adjusted dollars). The composition of these costs remained stable, with approximately 45% attributable to direct costs, 5% to suicide-related costs, and 50% to workplace costs. Only 38% of the total costs were due to MDD itself as opposed to comorbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid conditions account for the largest portion of the growing economic burden of MDD. Future research should analyze further these comorbidities as well as the relative importance of factors contributing to that growing burden. These include population growth, increase in MDD prevalence, increase in treatment cost per individual with MDD, changes in employment and treatment rates, as well as changes in the composition and quality of MDD treatment services.

Changes in Utilization and Costs for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, 1997 to 2006

Abstract Objective: To estimate comprehensive cost of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to society and individual stakeholders, including patients/employees, employers, family members/caregivers, and government. Research design and methods: Administrative claims databases covering privately insured and Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries in the US were used to compute the excess payer and beneficiary-paid costs per patient with RA compared with matched controls. Similarly, per-person excess costs for caregivers and uninsured patients with RA were estimated. Costs were estimated for other burdens, including costs of work-loss to employers, adaptations to home and work environments, lost on-the-job productivity, informal and hired care/household help, and job turnover costs. Intangible costs associated with quality-of-life deterioration were estimated based on legal system jury awards, whereas costs for premature mortality were based on lifetime earnings data. Per-capita cost estimates were weighted by the relevant population to estimate societal costs. Because data were incomplete, several assumptions were required; these assumptions could lead to an over- or under-estimation of cost burdens. Results: Annual excess health care costs of RA patients were

Employer model of workplace impacts of anti-TNF therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

8.4 billion, and costs of other RA consequences were

Legal Considerations in a World of Comparative Effectiveness Research

10.9 billion. These costs translate to a total annual cost of

Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective on Outlook, Dilemmas, and Controversies

19.3 billion. From a stakeholder perspective, 33% of the total cost was allocated to employers, 28% to patients, 20% to the government, and 19% to caregivers. Adding intangible costs of quality-of-life deterioration (

Economic burden of privately insured non-vertebral fracture patients with osteoporosis over a 2-year period in the US

10.3 billion) and premature mortality (

Prevalence and costs of osteoporotic patients with subsequent non-vertebral fractures in the US

9.6 billion), total annual societal costs of RA (direct, indirect, and intangible) increased to