Cs. Anderlik

Freeze-out in hydrodynamical models

We study the effects of strict conservation laws and the problem of negative contributions to final momentum distribution during the freeze-out through 3-dimensional hypersurfaces with spacelike normal. We study some suggested solutions for this problem, and demonstrate it in one example. @S0556-2813~99!04605-1#

Nonideal particle distributions from kinetic freeze-out models

In fluid dynamical models the freeze-out of particles across a three-dimensional space-time hypersurface is discussed. The calculation of final momentum distribution of emitted particles is described for freeze-out surfaces, with both spacelike and timelike normals, taking into account conservation laws across the freeze-out discontinuity. @S0556-2813~99!01201-7#

Freeze-out in hydrodynamical models in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Freeze-out of particles across 3-dimensional space-time hypersurface with space-like normal is discussed in a simple kinetic model. The final momentum distribution of emitted particles shows a non-exponential transverse momentum spectrum, which is in quantitative agreement with recently measured SPS pion and

Non-equilibrated post-freeze-out distributions

h^-

Large pt enhancement from freeze out

spectra.

The 3rd Flow Component as a QGP Signal

Abstract.We discuss freeze-out on the hypersurface with time-like normal vector, trying to answer how realistic it is to assume thermal post-freeze-out distributions for measured hadrons. Using simple kinetic models for gradual freeze-out we are able to generate a thermal post-FO distribution, but only in a highly simplified situation. In a more advanced model, taking into account rescattering and re-thermalization, the post-FO distribution gets more complicated. The resulting particle distributions are in qualitative agreement with the experimentally measured pion spectra. Our study also shows that the obtained post-FO distribution functions, although analytically very different from the Jüttner distribution, do look pretty much like thermal distributions in some range of the parameters.

QGP flow fluctuations and the characteristics of higher moments

Abstract Freeze out of particles across three dimensional space-time hypersurface is discussed in a simple kinetic model. The final momentum distribution of qemitted particles, for freeze out surfaces with space-like normal, shows a non-exponential transverse momentum spectrum. The slope parameter of the p t distribution increases with increasing p t , in agreement with recently measured SPS pion and h − spectra.

Phase Transitions in High Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions

Earlier fluid dynamical calculations with QGP show a softening of the directed flow while with hadronic matter this effect is absent. On the other hand, we indicated that a third flow component shows up in the reaction plane as an enhanced emission, which is orthogonal to the directed flow. This is not shadowed by the deflected projectile and target, and shows up at measurable rapidities, y CM=1−2. To study the formation of this effect initial stages of relativistic heavy ion collisions are studied. An effective string rope model is presented for heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies. Our model takes into account baryon recoil for both target and projectile, arising from the acceleration of partons in an effective field. The typical field strength (string tension) for RHIC energies is about 5–12 GeV/fm, what allows us to talk about “string ropes”. The results show that QGP forms a tilted disk, such that the direction of the largest pressure gradient stays in the reaction plane, but deviates from both the beam and the usual transverse flow directions. The produced initial state can be used as an initial condition for further hydrodynamical calculations. Such initial conditions lead to the creation of third flow component. Recent v 1 measurements are promising that this effect can be used as a diagnostic tool of the QGP.

QGP Hydrodynamics for RHIC energies

The dynamical development of expanding Quark-gluon Plasma (QGP) flow is studied in a 3+1D fluid dynamical model with a globally symmetric, initial condition. We minimize fluctuations arising from complex dynamical processes at finite impact parameters and from fluctuating random initial conditions to have a conservative fluid dynamical background estimate for the statistical distributions of the thermodynamical parameters. We also avoid a phase transition in the equation of state, and we let the matter supercool during the expansion. Then central Pb + Pb collisions at

Phase transitions in high energy heavy ion collisions within fluid dynamics

\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76