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Effect of Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester on the Performance and Exhaust Emission of a Diesel Engine

Numerous studies indicated that oil sources in the world will come to an end. As a result, new alternative energy sources will be required to substitute for oil. Some of the experimental studies showed that vegetable oil can be used as alternative fuel in diesel engines. The viscosity of vegetable oil is much higher than that of standard diesel fuel; therefore, the high viscosity of the vegetable oil can cause problems for injection systems and engine components. To decrease viscosity, cottonseed methyl ester was obtained from raw cottonseed oil by transesterification method. In this study, cottonseed methyl ester was used in a four-stroke, single cylinder, and air-cooled diesel engine as alternative fuel. Engine tests carried out at full load-different speed range, the engine torque and power of cottonseed oil methyl ester was found to be lower than that of diesel fuel in the range of 3–9% and specific fuel consumption was higher than that of diesel fuel by approximately 8–10%. CO 2 , CO, and NO x emissions of cottonseed methyl ester were lower than that of diesel fuel.

Increasing the efficiency of wind turbines

The importance of clean energy sources was realised rapidly after the negative effects of the pollution caused by generators on the environment became clear. Wind energy is a clean and renewable energy source whose applications exist worldwide. Some countries changed their national energy forward planning for renewable clean energy projects. In developed countries some researchers have worked on developing new kinds of wind turbines in order to produce a part of their power from renewable wind energy. The rotational speed of the wind blades can be increased using steering aerofoils surrounding the blades. A prototype of this wind turbine has been made in the laboratory; a ventilator whose flow rate is variable generates the ‘wind’. The blade profiles are designed using the theory of aerodynamics. The steering aerofoils are fixed surrounding the wind blades at an optimum distance. The number of the aerofoils and the angle of inclination (tilt) of the foils can be changed. In the experiment the ambient conditions are held constant. Because of the optimum adjustment of the distance and angle of the aerofoils the rotational speed of the blades can be increased by 32% on the experimental device. In this paper the theoretical and experimental results will be discussed. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of the Effect of Sunflower Oil Methyl Esther on the Performance of a Diesel Engine

The viscosity of raw vegetable oil is rather higher than that of diesel fuel. High viscosity has a negative effect on atomization quality, and so engine performance and exhaust emission are affected badly; this causes failure of engine parts. To decrease viscosity of vegetable oil, methyl ester was produced and tested as an alternative fuel in a single cylinder, four strokes, air-cooled diesel engine. The viscosity of sunflower oil methyl ester obtained after transesterification was reduced considerably and heating value was improved. Engine tests were carried out at full load-different speed range; the engine torque and power of sunflower oil methyl ester was lower than that of diesel fuel in range of 6–18% and specific fuel consumption was higher than that of diesel fuel of approximately 3%. CO 2 , CO and NO x emissions of sunflower methyl ester were lower than that of diesel fuel. The sunflower oil methyl ester fuel was used successfully as alternative fuel in short-term tests.

Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled by 25% Sunflower Oil Methyl Ester and 75% Diesel Fuel Blend

Abstract Combustion of fossil fuels is the main culprit in increasing the global carbondioxide level, a consequence of global warming. Diesel engines are the major source of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) and other air pollutants, such as HC, CO, NOx, and smoke. One way of reducing these emissions or air pollutants is by the utilization of renewable alternative fuels for diesel engines, like vegetable oils. High viscosity is one of the major problems relating to the direct use of vegetable oils as diesel fuels. One method of reducing viscosity is by blending with a low viscosity and volatile fuel. This article investigates the emission characteristics of the fuel blend of 25% sunflower oil methyl ester with 75% diesel fuel (25/75 fuel) in a single cylinder unmodified diesel engine. The results show that 25/75 fuel has better emission characteristics than diesel fuel.

Emissions From an Engine Fueled With Biodiesel-kerosene Blends

Abstract Biofuels are renewable energy sources for internal combustion engines and they have low emissions. They are increasingly used as an alternative to petroleum fuels. In this work, three different fuel types, such as commercial diesel fuel (D2), 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel called here as B20, and 80% biodiesel and 20% kerosene, called here as BK20, were used in a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection compression ignition engine. Kerosene was used as an additive to approach the properties of biodiesel to D2. The effects of the blends on CO, NOx, and smoke emissions as well as on some of the performance parameter of the engine were investigated. The prepared fuel, BK20 blend, has almost the same fuel properties as conventional diesel fuel. The experimental results showed that the exhaust emissions for BK20 were fairly reduced as compared to diesel fuel as well as B20. Besides, the performance of CI engine was improved with the use of the BK20, especially in comparison to B20. Results suggest that the BK20 can be substituted to the petroleum-based diesel fuel in diesel engines.

Exhaust Emissions of a CI Engine Operated with Biodiesel from Rapeseed Oil

Abstract In this study, biodiesel was produced from rapeseed oil and was used in a single cylinder, naturally aspirated and direct-injected diesel engine as pure biodiesel (B100) and as a blend with standard diesel fuel by 20% biodiesel to 80% diesel fuel (B20). The diesel engine emissions and some performance parameters were investigated at fully loaded engine conditions. The effects of pure biodiesel and its blend with diesel fuel on emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were clarified. Results showed that biodiesel fuel is environmentally friendly since it reduced the emissions of CO, SO2, and CO2 of engines at all speeds. Results also indicated that the pure biodiesel gave about 12% lower power and 20 to 25% higher fuel consumption as compared to diesel. However, the results were almost the same or slightly different from a blend of biodiesel-diesel and petroleum diesel fuel.

An analysis of exhaust emissions on a diesel engine operation by biodiesel.

Abstract Vegetable oils can be seen as a renewable fuel source for diesel engines. However, their viscosity is higher than that of diesel fuel. The higher viscosity of vegetable oil causes many combustion problems when directly used in diesel engines. In this study, a transesterification method was used to reduce the viscosity of the vegetable oil. Emission characteristics of both biodiesel and diesel fuels were experimentally investigated in an unmodified diesel engine. The test results have shown that the emissions of biodiesel were fairly low as compared to diesel fuel. CO and CO2 emissions of biodiesel were decreased respectively about 56 and 17% in comparison to diesel fuel.

The Effect of Sunflower Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel Fuel Blend on the Performance of a Diesel Engine

Abstract The viscosities of raw vegetable oils are quite higher than diesel fuel. To lower the viscosity, sunflower oil methyl ester was mixed with diesel fuel and then tested in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled diesel engine as an alternative fuel. The study examines short-term engine tests with sunflower oil methyl ester fuel compared to number 2 diesel fuel (No. 2 D). Engine tests were carried out fully loaded at different speed ranges. The engine torque and power of sunflower oil methyl ester-diesel fuel blend was lower than that of diesel fuel in the range of 6–9%, and specific fuel consumption was higher than that of diesel fuel by approximately 3%. CO2, CO, and NOx emissions of sunflower methyl ester were lower than those of diesel fuel.

The Harmful Effects of Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions

Abstract With the increase in the number of engine vehicles, air pollution is also increasing quickly; and with the increase in air pollution, all living conditions are affected in a negative way. Diesel engines also cause air pollution, which adversely affects human health and is becoming a permanent problem. A single-cylinder diesel engine was used in this work; the exhaust gas emissions, in different speed ranges, were investigated. These emissions are carbon monoxide emissions (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The amount of the changes in emissions was evaluated in terms of air pollution with graphics.

Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Operating by Biodiesel Fuel

Abstract In this study, an alternative diesel fuel, of which chemical modification was made by transesterification with short chain methyl alcohols, was produced from sunflower oil. The modified products were then evaluated according to their fuel properties as compared to diesel fuel. The fuel properties considered were viscosity, pour point, calorific value, flash point, and cetane number in addition to some other properties. The effects of biodiesel and diesel fuel on a direct injected, four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine exhaust emissions were studied. The results showed on the emissions of the engine that there were about 30% reduction in CO, about 26% reduction in CO2, and about 25% reduction in NOx. The reduction exhaust emissions made the biodiesel a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engine and could help in controlling air pollution.