D. A. Nesterenko

Synthesis of nitroxyalkylammonium nitrates

A method forO-nitration of amino alcohols with a non-detonating mixture of nitric acid with dichloromethane has been proposed. The target crystalline products were precipitated from the reaction mixture by acetic anhydride.

Energetic properties and impact sensitivity of crystalline explosives

The impact sensitivity of some groups of nitrates and cubane derivatives has been correlated with their heat of explosion and chemical structure. These correlations show the ways of reducing explosion hazard in handling these compounds. It is currently impossible to construct a reference series of compounds that would allow explosives with preset sensitivity to be synthesized on the basis of a preliminary energetic prediction. New opportunities to enhance safety in handling explosives can be provided by investigating their detonation ability.

Synthesis, structure, and antimetastatic activity of thetrans-[Pt(NC5H4C(O)NHC2H4ONO2)2Cl2] complex

Thetrans-[Pt(NC5H4C(O)NHC2H4ONO2)2Cl2] complex (2) was prepared by the reaction of nicorandyl (N-nitroethoxynicotinamide), which is widely used in cardiology, with K2PtCl4 in water. The structure of2 was established by X-ray structural analysis. It was found that complex2 exhibits high antitumor activity, in particular, antimetastatic activity, unlike the analogous CuII complex with bromine atoms.

Calculation of the concentration limits of detonation for liquid homogeneous explosive systems

The results of the crush method applied to the experimental determination of the concentration limit of detonation for binary systems based on tetranitromethane and fluoronitromethane are generalized. A universal line (for the class of standard explosives with the atomic composition CaHbNcOdFe) dividing the plane of pairs of dimensionless parameters (heat of explosion, coefficient of oxidizer excess) into regions of detonating solutions and those unable of detonation was found.

Calculation of the composition of detonation products and optimization of dynamic characteristics for mixed explosives

A mathematical model describing the composition of products and dynamic characteristics for the detonation of a multicomponent mixture of condensed explosives was proposed. The model consists of a system of equations with respect to a possible composition and temperature with allowance for the laws of conservation, partial conditions of detailed equilibrium, and semiempirical functional dependence of the energy-release coefficient. The numerical solution of these equations makes it possible to predict a relative impulse, rate, and pressure of detonation of individual explosives and their mixtures and to solve the problem of optimization of the detonation characteristics by composition. The application of the model for the calculation of optimum compositions for standard explosives with the empirical formula CaHbNcOdFe was considered.

Synthesis and structures of nitroxyalkyl methylphosphonates

The reactions of ethylene glycol mononitrate and glycerol 1,3-dinitrate with methylphosphonic dichloride afforded new nitroxyalkyl methylphosphonates.

Decomposition of aliphatic α-fluorodinitro compounds in the liquid phase

The decomposition of compounds Y[CH2C(NO2)2X]2 (X=NO2 and F; Y=CH2C(O)O and OCH2O) in the liquid phase (melt, solution) was found to proceedvia the same mechanism (homolytic cleavage of the C−N bond) as in the gas phase. Some stabilizing effects of the Oβ atom and independence of the gas evolution rate constant (measured by the yield of final products) on the number of the −C(NO2)2X groups were found and interpreted.

N-(2-fluoro-2, 2-dinitroethyl)-N-nitroamino alcohols and some of their derivatives

1. On the examples of monoethanolamine, 1,3-diamino-2-propanol, 1-amino-2,3-propanediol, and d,l- and meso-1,4-diamino-2,3-butanediols, it was shown that fluorodinitromethane can be condensed with formaldehyde and amino alcohols, in which the amino group is attached to a primary carbon atom. 2. A number of N-(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)-N-nitro derivatives of amino alcohols were obtained, and also their esters with acetic, nitric,γ,γ,γ-trinitrobutyric,andγ-fluoro-γ,γ-dinitrobutyric acids.

Synthesis of 3-fluoro -3, 3-dinitro-1-aminopropane and some of its derivatives

1. On the example of the fluorination of the internal salt of 3,3-dinitro-1-aminopropane in water, it was shown that a selective fluorination of the anion center in nitroalkylamines, with preservation of the amino group, is possible. 2. Salts and some N-substituted derivatives of 3-fluoro-3,3-dinitro-1-aminopropane were synthesized,