D. Blaschke

Constraints on the high-density nuclear equation of state from the phenomenology of compact stars and heavy-ion collisions

A new scheme for testing nuclear matter equations of state (EoSs) at high densities using constraints from neutron star (NS) phenomenology and a flow data analysis of heavy-ion collisions is suggested. An acceptable EoS shall not allow the direct Urca process to occur in NSs with masses below 1.5M� , and also shall not contradict flow and kaon production data of heavy-ion collisions. Compact star constraints include the mass

Ab Initio Equation of State Data for Hydrogen, Helium, and Water and the Internal Structure of Jupiter

The equation of state of hydrogen, helium, and water affects interior structure models of giant planets significantly. We present a new equation of state data table, LM-REOS, generated by large-scale quantum molecular dynamics simulations for hydrogen, helium, and water in the warm dense matter regime, i.e., for megabar pressures and temperatures of several thousand kelvins, and by advanced chemical methods in the complementary regions. The influence of LM-REOS on the structure of Jupiter is investigated and compared with state-of-the-art results within a standard three-layer model consistent with astrophysical observations of Jupiter. Our new Jupiter models predict an important impact of mixing effects of helium in hydrogen with respect to an altered compressibility and immiscibility.

Physics of Neutron Star Interiors

Microscopic Theory of the Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Star Structure.- Superfluidity in Neutron Star Matter.- Relativistic Superfluid Models for Rotating Neutron Stars.- The Tensor Virial Method and Its Applications to Self-Gravitating Superfluids.- Neutron Star Crusts.- Kaon Condensation in Neutron Stars.- Phases of QCD at High Baryon Density.- Diquarks in Dense Matter.- Color Superconductivity in Compact Stars.- Strange Quark Stars: Structural Properties and Possible Signatures for Their Existence.- Phase Diagram for Spinning and Accreting Neutron Stars.- Signal of Quark Deconfinement in Millisecond Pulsars and Reconfinement in Accreting X-ray Neutron Stars.- Supernova Explosions and Neutron Star Formation.- Evolution of a Neutron Star from Its Birth to Old Age.- Neutron Star Kicks and Asymmetric Supernovae.- Spin and Magnetism in Old Neutron Stars.- Neutrino Cooling of Neutron Stars: Medium Effects.

Hadron production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions: Quarkyonic matter and a triple point in the phase diagram of QCD

We argue that features of hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions, mainly at CERN-SPS energies, may be explained by the existence of three forms of matter: Hadronic Matter, Quarkyonic Matter, and a Quark-Gluon Plasma. We suggest that these meet at a triple point in the QCD phase diagram. Some of the features explained, both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively, include the curve for the decoupling of chemical equilibrium, along with the non-monotonic behavior of strange particle multiplicity ratios at center of mass energies near 10 GeV. If the transition(s) between the three phases are merely crossover(s), the triple point is only approximate.

Modern compact star observations and the quark matter equation of state

Abstract We present a hybrid equation of state (EoS) for dense matter that satisfies phenomenological constraints from modern compact star (CS) observations which indicate high maximum masses ( M ∼ 2 M ⊙ ) and large radii ( R > 12 km ). The corresponding isospin symmetric EoS is consistent with flow data analyses of heavy-ion collisions and a deconfinement transition at ∼ 0.55 fm −3 . The quark matter phase is described by a 3-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model that accounts for scalar diquark condensation and vector meson interactions while the nuclear matter phase is obtained within the Dirac–Brueckner–Hartree–Fock (DBHF) approach using the Bonn-A potential. We demonstrate that both pure neutron stars and neutron stars with quark matter cores are consistent with modern CS observations. Hybrid star configurations with a CFL quark core are unstable within the present model.

A Quantum kinetic equation for particle production in the Schwinger mechanism

A quantum kinetic equation has been derived for the description of pair production in a time-dependent homogeneous electric field

Phase diagram of three-flavor quark matter under compact star constraints

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Astrophysics: Quark matter in compact stars?

. As a source term, the Schwinger mechanism for particle creation is incorporated. Possible particle production due to collisions and collisional damping are neglected. The main result is a closed kinetic equation of the non-Markovian type. In the low density approximation, the source term is reduced to the leading part of the well known Schwinger formula for the probability of pair creation. We compare the formula obtained with other approaches and discuss the differences.

Diquark Condensates and Compact Star Cooling

The phase diagram of three-flavor quark matter under compact star constraints is investigated within a Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. Global color and electric charge neutrality is imposed for

A new quark-hadron hybrid equation of state for astrophysics - I. High-mass twin compact stars

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