D. C. Hamilton

Equation-of-state, shock-temperature, and electrical-conductivity data of dense fluid nitrogen in the region of the dissociative phase transition

The dissociative phase transition of fluid nitrogen at pressures in the range 30–110 GPa (0.3–1.1 Mbar), temperatures in the range 4000–14 000 K, densities up to 3.5 g/cm3, and internal energies up to 1 MJ/mol was investigated by shock compression. Equation‐of‐state, shock‐temperature, and electrical‐conductivity experimental data are presented and analyzed in detail.

Equation of state and electrical conductivity of “synthetic Uranus,” a mixture of water, ammonia, and isopropanol, at shock pressure up to 200 GPa (2 Mbar)

Equation-of-state, temperature, and electrical-conductivity data were measured for a solution of water, ammonia, and isopropanol at shock pressures up to 200 GPa. The chemical composition is similar to that of the fluid mixture thought to be the major constituent of the giant planets Uranus and Neptune.

Electrical conductivities of methane, benzene, and polybutene shock compressed to 60 GPa (600 kbar)

Electrical conductivities were measured for methane, benzene, and polybutene shock compressed to pressures in the range 20 to 60 GPa (600 kbar) and temperatures in the range 2000 to 4000 K achieved with a two-stage light-gas gun. The data for methane and benzene are interpreted simply in terms of chemical decomposition into diamondlike, defected C nanoparticles and fluid H2 and their relative abundances (C:H2), 1:2 for methane and 2:1 for benzene. The measured conductivities suggest that conduction flows predominately through the majority species, H2 for methane and C for benzene. These data also suggest that methane is in a range of shock pressures in which dissociation increases continuously from a system which is mostly methane to one which has a substantial concentration of H2. Thermal activation of benzene conductivities at 20–40 GPa is probably caused by thermal activation of nucleation, growth, and connectivity of diamondlike, defected C nanoparticles. At 40 GPa the concentration of these C nanopar...

Electrical conductivity and equation of state of shock‐compressed liquid oxygen

The electrical conductivity of shock‐compressed liquid oxygen has been measured in the dynamic pressure range 18–43 GPa(180–430 Kbar). A double‐shock equation‐of‐state point was also measured. The data and Hugoniot calculation, based on a chemical equilibrium model, indicate that liquid oxygen partially dissociates and forms a two‐component conductive fluid. Details of the experimental design are given and the data are discussed in terms of electronic transport in disordered systems.

Equation of state of 1‐butene shocked to 54 GPa (540 kbar)

Hugoniot equation‐of‐state data for liquid 1‐butene were measured in the shock pressure range 12–54 GPa (120–540 kbar) using a two‐stage light‐gas gun. The data are compared with previous data for polybutene, a stoichiometrically equivalent liquid with a smaller initial specific volume. The data for both butenes are in agreement with chemical equilibrium calculations which assume that shock‐compressed hydrocarbons dissociate and form a two‐phase mixture consisting of molecular hydrogen and carbon in a stiff, diamond‐like phase.

Fluids at high dynamic pressures and temperatures

Abstract Electrical conductivity data for shocked liquid nitrogen, Hugoniot data for liquid air, shock temperatures for liquid ammonia, and double-shock equation-of-state data for Al are discussed.

Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Shock Compressed Liquid Nitrogen

The electrical conductivity of shock compressed liquid nitrogen was measured in the pressure range 20 to 50 GPa using a two-stage light-gas gun. The conductivities covered a range 4 x 10/sup -2/ to 1 x 10/sup 2/ ohm/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/. The data are discussed in terms of a liquid semiconductor model below the onset of the dissociative phase transition at 30 GPa. 15 refs., 1 fig.