D David

Surface energetics characterization and relationship to adhesion using a novel contact angle measuring technique

Abstract A method has been developed for measuring contact angles with a drop of water on a solid surface in an octane medium and to determine the polar components of surface tension for the solid surface. This has been utilized to characterize the surfaces of a plasticized polyvinyl butyral interlayer (PVBI) and float glass which are laminated to form safety glass. The effect of changes in the surfaces of both materials is reflected in the contact angles measured by the above method and this is then related to the level of adhesion between glass and PVBI.

Design, development, and performance of a fiber optics refractometer: Application to HPLC

A fiber optics refractometer has been developed based on a simple low‐volume cell (5–7 μl) which confines the liquid to be measured around a waveguide whose multiple reflections can enhance the contrast at the critical angle. The electromechanical and electrooptical design allows the fiber optics refractometer to measure absolute refractive index with manual or automatic readout, and differential operation with automatic tracking that permits its use as a universal detector for gradient elution chromatography. Present sensitivity is approximately 1×10−5 refractive index units in the static mode and 7×10−5 refractive index units in the scanning beam mode. These sensitivities can probably be improved by a factor of 5 by appropriate system changes.

The application of miscibility parameter to the measurement of polymer-plasticizer compatibility

SummaryPoly(vinyl butyral) (PVB)was found to precipitate from a clear plasticizer solution as it was cooled and this unique temperature (TP) (UCST) was noted. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) did not precipitate and in this case the temperature at which it went into solution (TS) was noted. A quantity, referred to previously as the miscibility parameter (MP), is an excellent relative quantitative indicator of the miscibility of poly(vinyl butyral) and poly(vinyl chloride) with plasticizers as demonstrated from a correlation of MP with TP and Ts. Each polymer-plasticizer system is unique. A plot of MP vs. TP or TS for several polymer-plasticizer systems allows additional plasticizers to be evaluated for their plasticizing ability from calculated MPs without resorting to additional experimental measurements. The absolute level of MP acceptability is dictated by the application. For PVB, a copolymer which precipitates from a plasticizer/solvent, the interaction parameter chi(χ) is chi critical (

Modification of Polyvinyl Butyral Properties Via the Incorporation of Ionomer Groups

\chi _{cr}

Thermoplastic composition and method for producing thermoplastic composition by melt blending carpet

) at the TP of PVB in plasticizer. Since TP approximates the Θ temperature in the limit of molecular weight, the temperature of precipitation or Θ temperature, the solvent volume VS, and the

Ionomeric polyvinyl butyral

\chi _{cr}