D. Deandreis

Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Occurrence and Risk Factors of Hemoptysis in Refractory Thyroid Cancer

BACKGROUND Antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the mainstay of advanced thyroid cancer (TC) treatment. Concern is rising about TKI-related toxicity. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and to investigate the risk factors of hemoptysis in TC patients during TKI treatment. METHODS We analyzed consecutive TC patients treated with TKI in our center between 2005 and 2013 and performed an independent review of computed tomography scan images for airway invasion assessment. Occurrence of grade 1-2 or grade 3-5 hemoptysis according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 and risk factors for hemoptysis were investigated. RESULTS A total of 140 patients (89 males; median age, 52 y) with medullary (56%), differentiated (33%), and poorly differentiated (11%) TC were enrolled. Thyroidectomy±neck dissection was performed in 123 patients and neck/mediastinum external-beam radiotherapy in 41 (32% with therapeutic purpose and 68% with adjuvant purpose). Patients received from 1 to 4 lines of TKI (median 1). Median follow-up was 24 months. Airway invasion was found in 65 (46%) cases. Hemoptysis occurred in 9 patients: grade 1-2 in 7 cases (5%) and grade 3-5 in 2 (1.4%) cases (fatal in 1). Hemoptysis was associated with presence of airway invasion (P = .04), poorly differentiated pathology (P = .03), history of therapeutic external-beam radiotherapy (P = .003), and thyroidectomy without neck dissection (P = .02). CONCLUSION Airway invasion, poorly differentiated pathology, therapeutic external-beam radiotherapy, and thyroidectomy without neck dissection are associated with and increased risk of hemoptysis in TC patients during antiangiogenic TKI treatment. Further research is needed to confirm this data and to sort out interactions between these risk factors. A careful assessment of airway invasion is mandatory before TKI introduction.

Caractérisation des tumeurs neuroendocrines digestives ou thoraciques

Once the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumour has been made, characterisation is an essential step before therapy. It comes before the decision regarding treatment is made. This requires a multidisciplinary team of experts located in specialist centres that currently make up the RENATEN and TENPATH networks. It is directed by knowledge of the location of the primary tumour and anatomical pathological differentiation. The aim of this characterisation step is to highlight factors that may have an impact on the diagnosis and the prognosis or predict the response to treatment.RésuméUne fois le diagnostic de tumeur neuroendocrine (TNE) posé, la caractérisation est une étape essentielle de la prise en charge d’une TNE. Elle précède la décision thérapeutique. Celle-ci fait appel à une expertise multidisciplinaire au sein des centres experts actuellement regroupés au sein des réseaux RENATEN et TENpath. Elle est orientée par la connaissance de la localisation du primitif et la différenciation anatomopathologique. Cette étape de caractérisation a comme objectif: la mise en évidence de facteurs à impact diagnostique, pronostique ou prédictif de la réponse thérapeutique.