D. Keith Osborn

Young Children's Perception of “Real” and “Pretend” on Television:

The Degree of Perceived Reality Scale was administered to 22 4- and 22 5-yr.-old children in a day-care center. The degree of reality perception of cartoon and human-fantasy televised episodes was measured. Five-yr.-olds had a more mature reality perception of both cartoon and human fantasy televised episodes than did 4-yr.-olds. Only 5-yr.-olds had a more mature reality perception of cartoon than of televised episodes of human fantasy.

Childhood at the Turn of the Century.

Children born between 1890 and 1910 occupy a unique position in history in several ways. They were born between two major revolutions (the industrial and technological) and two major wars (the Civil War and World War I). This group was also the last large population of child laborers who were treated with adult expectations. Results of an exploratory study which focused on discipline techniques of that era are presented based on 94 interviews with older subjects.