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Featured researches published by D.M. Kool.


Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry | 2009

The 18O signature of biogenic nitrous oxide is determined by O exchange with water

D.M. Kool; N. Wrage; O. Oenema; David Harris; J. W. van Groenigen

To effectively mitigate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N(2)O) it is essential to understand the biochemical pathways by which it is produced. The (18)O signature of N(2)O is increasingly used to characterize these processes. However, assumptions on the origin of the O atom and resultant isotopic composition of N(2)O that are based on reaction stoichiometry may be questioned. In particular, our deficient knowledge on O exchange between H(2)O and nitrogen oxides during N(2)O production complicates the interpretation of the (18)O signature of N(2)O.Here we studied O exchange during N(2)O formation in soil, using a novel combination of (18)O and (15)N tracing. Twelve soils were studied, covering soil and land-use variability across Europe. All soils demonstrated the significant presence of O exchange, as incorporation of O from (18)O-enriched H(2)O into N(2)O exceeded their maxima achievable through reaction stoichiometry. Based on the retention of the enrichment ratio of (18)O and (15)N of NO(3)(-) into N(2)O, we quantified O exchange during denitrification. Up to 97% (median 85%) of the N(2)O-O originated from H(2)O instead of from the denitrification substrate NO(3)(-).We conclude that in soil, the main source of atmospheric N(2)O, the (18)O signature of N(2)O is mainly determined by H(2)O due to O exchange between nitrogen oxides and H(2)O. This also challenges the assumption that the O of N(2)O originates from O(2) and NO(3)(-), in ratios reflecting reaction stoichiometry.


Methods in Enzymology | 2011

Source determination of nitrous oxide based on nitrogen and oxygen isotope tracing dealing with oxygen exchange.

D.M. Kool; J. W. van Groenigen; N. Wrage

Source determination of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) from soils has so far been complicated by methodological constraints: the frequently used (15)N tracer method could not differentiate between pathways related to nitrification, that is, nitrifier nitrification (NN), nitrifier denitrification (ND), and nitrification-coupled denitrification (NCD). To overcome this problem, a dual isotope method using both (15)N and (18)O was proposed. However, O exchange between nitrogen oxides and water has been found to disturb such a method. We here explain in detail a novel dual isotope method that allows to quantify O exchange in denitrification and to differentiate N(2)O production from NN, ND, NCD, and fertilizer denitrification (FD). The method has already been applied to a range of soils with good success. Potential of and scope for further improvement of the method are discussed.


Soil Biology & Biochemistry | 2011

Nitrifier denitrification as a distinct and significant source of nitrous oxide from soil

D.M. Kool; Jan Dolfing; N. Wrage; Jan Willem van Groenigen


European Journal of Soil Science | 2010

Nitrifier denitrification can be a source of N2O from soil: a revised approach to the dual-isotope labelling method.

D.M. Kool; N. Wrage; Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern; Michael Pfeffer; D. J. Brus; O. Oenema; J. W. van Groenigen


Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry | 2007

Oxygen exchange between (de)nitrification intermediates and H2O and its implications for source determination of NO3- and N2O: a review.

D.M. Kool; N. Wrage; O. Oenema; Jan Dolfing; J. W. van Groenigen


Soil Biology & Biochemistry | 2009

Oxygen exchange between nitrogen oxides and H2O can occur during nitrifier pathways

D.M. Kool; Christoph Müller; N. Wrage; O. Oenema; Jan Willem van Groenigen


Soil Biology & Biochemistry | 2006

Increased hippuric acid content of urine can reduce soil N2O fluxes

D.M. Kool; Ellis Hoffland; E.W.J. Hummelink; Jan Willem van Groenigen


Soil Biology & Biochemistry | 2011

Oxygen exchange with water alters the oxygen isotopic signature of nitrate in soil ecosystems

D.M. Kool; N. Wrage; O. Oenema; Chris van Kessel; Jan Willem van Groenigen


Soil Biology & Biochemistry | 2006

What artificial urine composition is adequate for simulating soil N2O fluxes and mineral N dynamics

D.M. Kool; Ellis Hoffland; Sander Abrahamse; Jan Willem van Groenigen


Geoderma | 2006

Oxidation and compaction of a collapsed peat dome in Central Kalimantan

D.M. Kool; Peter Buurman

Collaboration


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N. Wrage

University of Göttingen

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O. Oenema

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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Jan Willem van Groenigen

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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J. W. van Groenigen

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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P.J. Kuikman

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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G.L. Velthof

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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Ellis Hoffland

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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David Harris

University of California

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D. J. Brus

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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E.W.J. Hummelink

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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