D. Mishev

Spectral characteristics of mixed classes of natural formations

Abstract An attempt is made to study and/or measure the spectral reflectance of given classes of natural formations, when more than one class is found within a pixel (mixed class).

A new type programmable multichannel radiometer

Abstract This paper deals with a new type programmable multichannel radiometer, applied mainly in solving scientific and methodological problems in the field of remote sensing of the Earth. The radiometer operates in the visible and near IR range of the spectrum with a selective capability on the number of recorded channels, their width and location in the studied spectral range.

Complex data processing of “Bulgaria-1300-II” experiment performed simultaneously with multizonal video data from other reproducing systems for remote sensing purposes☆

Abstract This paper examines the complex processing of videodata from Bulgaria-1300-II experiment together with the multizonal scanner imagery from the main videosystems for remote sensing from MSS Landsat and Fragment, Meteor-Priroda experiments. Both direct and reverse problems to which the videoprocessing is reduced are shown. The procedure for precise positioning of the analyzed track over the multizonal images is demonstrated with example from MSS Landsat. Transition to other spaces of the multizonal images is shown where the structuring is enhanced. An example of colorimetric analysis is given for earth surface at the 917th orbit of Meteor-Priroda satellite, No. 31, the carrier of the Bulgaria-1300-II experiment. The agreement between processing techniques of the videodata in remote sensing is examined.

New generation of spectrometers for measurement of spectral reflective characteristics

Abstract A review is made on the design philosophy of groundbased multichannel spectrometers for measurements of solar irradiation reflected from various natural formations within the visible and near infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Important specifics of the new generation ground-based spectrometers are the improved functional possibilities for the scientific experiments, management and for the specialized data processing. The instruments enable the performance both of automated mode of operation and within the payload of complex measurement equipment. The incorporation of proper computer techniques accounts for the increased intelligence and adaptivity which provides for the precise resolution necessary for the scientific methodology and applicable tasks.

Analysis of the “soil-vegetation” system state using the theory of the mixed classes☆

Abstract Recently many investigations of the “soil—vegetation” system have used the new coordinate system B-G for analysis and assessment mainly of the phytomass and humus content: along the B axis are located the basic soil types and their states and along the G axis, the biomass quantity. In this paper it is shown that it is possible to analyse the “soil—vegetation” system using the theory of the mixed classes. It is suggested that the G axis be replaced by the p axis—the coverage of soil with vegetation. Along the B axis the class “soils” (p = 0) is placed. The values of the rs(R) and rs(NIR) (the spectral reflectance coefficients for the red (R) and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the spectrum) depend on the type of the soil and its state (moisture, humus content, etc.) and determine the position of the B axis. The position of the second point, or region, depends on the types of the vegetation and its condition, i.e. of the rv(R) and rv(NIR) values for p = 1. These two points, (p = 1) for a given type vegetation and (p = 0) for a given type of soil, are connected with a line along which the coverage p varies from p = 0 to p = 1. The p scale is linear and this is essential for practical use of the theoretical results.

Vegetation index of a mixed class of natural formations

Abstract The wide application of the vegetation index in the remote sensing studies of vegetation, as well as its correlation with a number of significant vegetation characteristics—biomass, phenology state, etc., is well known. The vegetation index of given sites of the studied territories implies their 100% coverage by vegetation. If the latter is not true the problem is transformed into determining the vegetation index of a mixed class of formations, because in this case more than one formation are found within the studied pixel. The paper presents a complete analysis of the vegetation index of a mixed class of natural formations; it gives mathematical equations of the vegetation index of mixed classes of two or more formations and its relation to the coverage coefficient. It is shown that the vegetation index of the mixed class is less than the vegetation index in the case of 100% coverage. The cases when the given new formulae can be applied and the vegetation index used are also analysed.

Complex study of the atmospheric and ocean state, using data from the scientific equipment installed on “meteor-priroda” satellite☆

Abstract This paper examines the abilities of the complex measuring equipment, developed by the project of “BULGARIA-1300-II”, in solving the task of studying the state of the atmosphere and the ocean. Two complex tasks are solved: 1. determination of the optical parameters of the atmosphere and registration of its influence by satellite data measurement in 32 spectral ranges in the interval of 0.450–0.900 μm; 2. determination of the temperature of the ocean, the parameters of the atmosphere and the cloudiness by measuring the brightness temperature in the four characteristic wavelengths (0.8 cm, 1.35 cm, 1.6 cm and 4 cm). The joint measurement in the radio, near-infrared and optical regions of the spectrum permits the enhancement of the telling of the data with the expansion of the sphere of the tasks solved, and an increase in the accuracy and the reliability of the results obtained.

Spectrostructural systems—Next generation of orbiting instruments in the remote sensing methods

Abstract This note examines the results from the development of a perspective system for multizonal videodata acquisition with consideration of the Earth formation structure.

Control and primary processing of data from the portable spectrometric system ISOCH-111

Abstract The basic moduli and software configuration are examined for the spectrometric system ISOCH-111. Brief summary is made on definition of the basic problems to be resolved in the field of remote sensing. The main principles of operation are discussed for the optoelectron conversion bloc (OEC). Its simplified macromodels are examined in brief as well as the procedures for the solution of the reverse problems in the automatic control of sensitivity and dark current, calibration and data correction. The general configuration of ISOCH-111 is given, its main program moduli are described. In conclusion, the experience of the authors is summarised in the provision of mathematical and system software for the device. The possibility for system expansion is also discussed.