D. V. Antonov

Evaporation of a water drop with a solid opaque inclusion moving through a high-temperature gaseous medium

The process of evaporation of an inhomogeneous (containing a graphite particle) water drop moving through a high-temperature (about 1100 K) gas medium has been experimentally studied using highspeed (no less than 105 fps) video recording tools, the PIV scanning optical method, and Tema Automotive software. The influences of the ratio of water and inclusion masses, shape of inclusion (by the example of cylindrical disk, cube, and parallelepiped), and its surface area on the integral characteristics of liquid evaporation when heterogeneous drops are passed through a channel (length 1 m, inner diameter 0.2 m) with high-temperature gases are established.

Determination of temperature and concentration of a vapor–gas mixture in a wake of water droplets moving through combustion products

Characteristic temperatures and concentrations of a vapor–gas mixture in a wake of water droplets moving through combustion products (initial temperature 1170 K) were determined using the Ansys Fluent mathematical modeling package. We investigated two variants of motion: motion of two droplets (with sizes from 1 mm to 3 mm), consecutive and parallel, and motion of five staggered droplets. The influence of the relative position of droplets and also of distances between them (varied from 0.01 mm to 5 mm) on temperatures and concentrations of water vapor was established. The distances determine the relation between the evaporation areas and the total volume occupied by a droplet aggregate in the gas medium. The results of modeling for conditions that take into account vaporization on the droplet surface at average constant values of evaporation rate and also with consideration of the change in the latter, depending on the droplet temperature field, are compared. We determined conditions under which the modeling results are comparable for the assumption of a constant vaporization rate and with regard to the dependence of the latter on temperature. The earlier hypothesis on formation of a buffer vapor layer (“thermal protection”) around a droplet, which decreases the thermal flow from the external gas medium, was validated.

Modeling the Water Droplet Evaporation Processes with Regard to Convection, Conduction and Thermal Radiation

A predictive model was developed for investigation of high-temperature heating and evaporation of water droplets. The model takes into account the basic interrelated processes of heat transfer and phase transitions. Typical velocity and temperature profiles were found in the high-temperature gas–water droplet system with external gas medium temperature varied from 100 to 800°C. Various formulations of the problem, significantly different in the type of considered processes and factors, are considered.We analyzed temperature conditions of heating and evaporation of water droplets, which allow the use of simplified models and which need consideration of all complex interrelated processes of heat and mass transfer (including convection, conduction and radiant heat transfer in droplets, and also in the surface vapor–gas layer).

Development of the mathematical model of heat and mass transfer for researching the processes of evaporation of inhomogeneous water droplets

On the basis of experimental date the heat and mass transfer models are developed in ANSYS Fluent software package for researching the processes of evaporation of inhomogeneous water droplets. The influence of the temperature of the gases (550-850 K) on the evaporation of inhomogeneous water droplets is estimated. Times of complete liquid evaporation from free surface of inhomogeneous water droplets and explosive vaporization of water droplets at different gas temperatures are established.

Deformation of Water Droplets at Various Initial Temperatures During Motion Through Cooled Air

Experimental investigations exploring the integral characteristics of the deformation of water droplets at various initial temperatures (280 to 360 K) in air at 275–300 K were conducted. Sizes (diameters) and motion velocities of the droplets were varied between 3 and 6 mm and 0 to 5 m/sec, respectively. High-speed (up to105 frames per second) video cameras, cross-correlation measuring systems, and panoramic optical methods (PIV and IPI) were used. The main characteristics of droplet “deformation cycles,” as well as their shapes and existence times were determined. The influence of droplet sizes and motion velocities on the characteristics of their deformation for the conditions corresponding to operation of modern cooling towers, evaporators, separating machines, irrigators, and other devices typical in gas-vapor-droplet technological cycles was established.