Dag Wilhelmsen

Timing and Synchronization

The WIS network will consist of digital access and nodal switches interconnected by time division multiplexed and bulk encrypted links. Timing and Synchronization (T & S) functions are therefore of vital importance for WIS. The synchronization concept must define the technical criteria to distribute and maintain permitted timing relationships at the WIS witching, transmission and terminal elements.

Planning and Architectural Design of Modern Command Control Communications and Information Systems

Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Methodology for Collecting and Analyzing User Requirements: Mission-Oriented Analysis. 3. General System Outline: Goal Architecture. 4. Reference Model. 5. System Architecture Design. 6. System Configuration. 7. Security Architecture. 8. System Management. 9. System Costing and Implementation Plan. Epilogue.

Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks

Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks: Civil and Military Applications provides a comprehensive treatment of ISDNs: how to plan and design them architecturally and how to implement them so that they meet certain given user requirements ranging from a variety of service demands to transmission performance, security, reliability/availability, capability for growth, interoperability with other ISDN and non-ISDN networks and, of course, cost. The book concentrates on the application of ISDN concepts and standards to the planning and design of real costed networks to meet certain specified user requirements. Where there are multiple options, considerations and rationale on the choice of network aspects and standards are discussed. The unique feature of the book, compared with other books on ISDN, is that it expounds an original methodology which starts from an assumed or given set of complete user requirements and proceeds to designing a complete network taking into account the technology and standards of ISDN, as well as some constraints including cost which may be imposed. Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks describes computer-aided design tools employed for dimensioning the network for various traffic loads and for assessing its traffic carrying performance for assessing different precedence categories and network configurations, transmission conditions and routing algorithms which may be static-deterministic or dynamic-adaptive. Aspects such as surveillance and control, security, survivability and EMP protection are also addressed. Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks: Civil and Military Applications is an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Switching and Signalling

At the outset of the WIS System Design study it become apparent that the WIS switching subsystem must satisfy communications requirements arising from the functions of its individual users in war and peacetime conditions as well as in periods of crises. The switching system concept was therefore developed by taking into consideration the operational and performance requirements of the WIS network and services. The WIS network is conceived to be based on a common user, basically circuit switched, area grid network, providing situation oriented, low delay, voice and non-voice services, supporting packet and message switches, and capable of accommodating evolutionary trends in services.

Communications and Computer Security

WIS is being planned and developed to meet the communications requirements of the Authority. WIS will be a digital network, largely following CCITT, IDN/ISDN standards and recommendations. The study of the WIS COMSEC/COMPUSEC subsystem, as developed and presented in this chapter was carried out in the light of the requirements summarized in Chapter 2.

ISDN Concepts and Standards

The trends of telecommunications indicate an evolution toward “information management and movement technology”. In this process one can witness the following facts: Increase in information productivity for users necessitated by the facts that the number of calls to be answered, databases to be consulted, information flow to be dealt with, media conversions executed, data storage and retrievals to be carried out etc. are all on the rise. Tele-industries, such as telemarketing, tele-education, telerecreation, teleconsultation, teleworking etc. are all information processing activities that are implemented by means of computer mediated communication forms between humans and/or via various man-machine dialogues. A more cost-effective and user friendly approach to the control and assignment of communication resources whereby the users’ demands have a definite role in the negotiation of service attributes. Ubiquitous and universal delivery of communication services.

Network Design and Dimensioning

The system acquisition process for our system (that we have called WIS), or indeed any similar system is divided into four phases: i) Establishment of the concept: Taking into account requirements, analysis, assumptions, state of technology and standards, objectives, design rules leading to network characteristics. ii) Development of the architecture: Definition of the Performance requirements of the subsystems and their integration in a manner which satisfies the end to end performance required. This involves the study of each aspect of the concept in sufficient detail to produce costed proposals for budgetary cost estimates and to identify the major parameters and subsystem characteristics. This will then allow the project to pass into Phase iii), which will include preparation of detailed cost estimates, technical specifications and implementation planning iii) Development of System Engineering Plans and Preparation of Specifications and Implementation Plan: When approval is given from the Authority to the designer’s proposals and recommendations developed in phase ii above, it will be possible to enter phase iii) activities of specification writing and implementation planning (e.g. site surveys and plans). In this phase, the design authority will be required to produce a detailed cost estimate. iv) Procurement, Installation and Commissioning: The last phase of system acquisition when the equipment and services as specified in phase ii) will be procured and installed according to the time phased plan and consistent with the operational requirements and funding constraints.

Network Surveillance and Control

The study of the network surveillance and control system for WIS was carried out in close harmony with the established requirements of the Authority as presented in Chapter 2. The development was firmly based on the so-called WIS concept as described in Chapter 4.2, and it was accordingly decided to provide: surveillance control and maintenance service and resource provisioning, that will support planning activities

Terminal Area Subsystem

The objectives of this chapter are to describe the requirements baseline that was established for the Terminal Area Subsystem (TAS) of WIS, to describe and define generically its elements and features, to discuss architectural options for WIS users towards recommend solutions. Recall that WIS will he a digital network, largely conforming to CCITT ISDN recommendations and following the ISO’s Open System Interconnection Reference Model (ISO/RM).

User Requirements and Services for ISDN

An outline of the current NATO communucations network is given below as a model of a modern strategic system incorporataing both terrestrial and space segments with some military features. The objective is to show what exists today and what the present thinking is for the development in the next decade or so of both the terrestrial and space segments. It is to be noted however that the i nfiormation provided in this chapter may undergo change as a result of the political changes in Europe and elsewhere (Appendix 2A).