Dalia Nayak

Application of radioisotopes in the field of nuclear medicine

A comprehensive review has been made to discuss the role of various radionuclides of lanthanide series elements in the field of nuclear medicine. The role of several pharmaceuticals labeled with radiolanthanides and used for investigative purposes like measurement of cerebral blood flow, bone density measurement, bone marrow imaging, etc., have been described. The role of lanthanide radionuclides in radiation synovectomy, radioimmunotherapy, etc., have also been discussed. Methods of preparation of some representative radiopharmaceuticals like153Sm-EDTMP,153Sm-HYP, have been presented. An outline on the production of carrier free radioisotopes of lanthanide series elements has been given.

SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION OF NEODYMIUM AND CARRIER-FREE PROMETHIUM BY THE MIXTURE OF HDEHP AND PC88A

Carrier free promethium was produced by proton activation in neodymium target. Extraction behavior of both the elements were studied by HDEHP. A pronounced synergism had been observed by the binary mixture of HDEHP and PC88A. Presence of H2O2 in aqueous phase also increases the separation factor.

Extraction separation of No-carrier-added astatine from bismuth target

Summary Alpha particle activation of natural Bi2O3 results in the formation of astatine radionuclides. A simple and rapid separation method of astatine is presented from the bulk target matrix bismuth by employing liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) method using methylisobutylketone (MIBK) and hydrochloric acid. Back extraction of astatine was performed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution at pH 10.

Separation of carrier free dysprosium and terbium isotopes from 12C6+ irradiated Nd2O3

Abstract Charged particle activation of natural Nd2O3 with ∼80 MeV 12C6+ results in the formation of the carrier free isotopes 150–153Dy and their daughter products 150–153Tb in the matrix. The liquid cation exchanger, HDEHP, diluted in cyclohexane and HCl were used in liquid–liquid ion exchange (LLX) as organic and aqueous phase respectively for quantitative separation of 150–153Dy and 150–153Tb isotopes from the bulk target matrix of neodymium oxide.

Studies on the interaction of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with no-carrier-added 61Cu, 62Zn, 66Ga, 69Ge and 71As using tracer packet technique

Interactions of no-carrier-added radionuclides 61Cu, 62Zn, 66Ga, 69Ge and 71As with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were studied in multi-elemental environment by dialysis with the help of tracer packet technique. It has been observed that in acidic pH gallium has a high tendency for formation of Ga-PVP complex while the same is true for Cu and Zn in neutral and basic pH. Germanium is always inert towards the interaction with PVP at all pH values. No interaction of arsenic was observed in acidic and neutral pH; while in basic pH the tendency to form As-PVP complex is considerably higher. The result can be considered as a model of in-vivo interaction of PVP-Ga/Cu/Zn/As complexation.

Separation of carrier free152, 153Dy and151–153Tb from16O7+ irradiated CeO2 by liquid-liquid extraction

Charged particle activation of natural CeO2 with ≈80 MeV16O7+ results in the formation of carrier free isotopes,151, 152, 153Dy and their daughter products,151, 152, 153Tb, in the matrix. The liquid cation exchanger HDEHP, has effectively been utilised as an extractant in the quantitative separation of the activation products namely151, 152, 153Dy,151, 152, 153Tb from the bulk target matrix of ceric oxide.

Production, separation and speciation of no-carrier-added Hg radionuclides using greener methodologies

Abstract Species dependent studies of no-carrier-added (nca) mercury were carried out using radioanalytical technique coupled with two greener analytical methodologies. The adsorption of nca 195m,gHg and 197mHg radionuclides on chitosan biopolymer and cloud point extraction (CPE) was studied to develop environmentally sustainable speciation methodologies at ultra trace level. Species information was obtained by comparing the adsorption profile of nca radiomercury on chitosan biopolymer with the software code CHEAQS PRO. Results obtained from the adsorption study were validated by CPE technique using non ionic surfactant and mixed micelle. Both the experiments established that nca Hg existed as Hg(II). The experimental results support the presence of HgCl2 species over the pH range 2–4, whereas Hg(OH)2 is the main species over the pH range 6–8. Chitosan biopolymer and mixed micelle [Triton-X-114 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)] constitute an efficient reagent for the preconcentration of ultra trace level mercury.

Separation of carrier-free ytterbium and thulium produced in 80 MeV 12C6+ irradiated gadolinium foil target by liquid-liquid extraction with HDEHP.

Heavy ion activation of natural gadolinium foil with 80 MeV 12C6+ results in the formation of carrier-free ytterbium isotopes, 165,166,167Yb and their corresponding decay products, 165,166,167Tm, in the matrix. Carrier-free ytterbium and thulium isotopes have been separated quantitatively from the bulk target matrix gadolinium by employing di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) as a liquid cation exchanger.

Separation of carrier-free hafnium and lutetium radionuclides produced in 16O activated terbium metal target.

Charged particle activation with approximately 88 MeV 16O7+ beam on natural terbium metal foil leads to the production of the short lived carrier-free radioisotopes 170,171Ta and their corresponding daughter products 170,171Hf and 170,171Lu in the target matrix. Liquid-liquid extraction with HDEHP diluted in cyclohexane was carried out for the separation of 170,171Hf and 170,171Lu from the bulk terbium in an aqueous HCl medium.

Production and separation of carrier-free 145,146Eu from a CsNO3 target using a 16O beam.

Carrier free europium isotopes 145,146Eu have been produced by irradiating a CsNO3 target with an 80 MeV 16O beam. Radiochemical separation of the produced europium isotopes from the bulk target matrix of CsNO3 have effectively been done using HDEHP, the liquid cation exchanger.