Damian Kulawik

Triphenylmethanethiol as a Precursor for the Simultaneous Formation of Bis (Triphenylmethyl) Sulfide, Bis(Triphenylmethyl) Trisulfide, and Bis(Triphenylmethyl) Peroxide: Crystal Structures and Hirshfeld Surface Analyses

Abstract Structurally identified, three unexpected products, obtained from the reaction of tritphenylmethanethiol with (+)-R-pulegone, i.e., bis(triphenylmethyl) sulfide, bis(tripheny- lmethyl) trisulfide, and bis(triphenylmethyl) peroxide, have been examined using Hirshfeld surface analysis. This analysis has been also performed for several of their simple analogues. Comparison of the results obtained shows that relative contributions of close contacts to the Hirshfeld surfaces of the molecules depend on the number of sulfur atoms between the central C atoms of compounds Ph3CSnCPh3 (n = 1, 2, 3 and 6), and in the case of Ph3XO2XPh3 (X = C, Si, Ge) compounds on the type of central X atom. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

New quaternary carbide Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24C0.86 as a disorder derivative of the family of hexa­gonal close-packed (hcp) structures and the effect of structure modification on the electrochemical behaviour of the electrode

Magnesium alloys are the basis for the creation of light and ultra-light alloys. They have attracted attention as potential materials for the accumulation and storage of hydrogen, as well as electrode materials in metal-hydride and magnesium-ion batteries. The search for new metal hydrides has involved magnesium alloys with rare-earth transition metals and doped by p- or s-elements. The synthesis and characterization of a new quaternary carbide, namely dimagnesium lithium aluminium carbide, Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24C0.86, belonging to the family of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures, are reported. The title compound crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry (space group P-6m2), where two sites with -6m2 symmetry and one site with 3m. symmetry are occupied by an Mg/Li statistical mixture (in Wyckoff position 1a), an Mg/Al statistical mixture (in position 1d) and C atoms (2i). The cuboctahedral coordination is typical for Mg/Li and Mg/Al, and the C atom is enclosed in an octahedron. Electronic structure calculations were used for elucidation of the ability of lithium or aluminium to substitute magnesium, and evaluation of the nature of the bonding between atoms. The presence of carbon in the carbide phase improves the corrosion resistance of the Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24C0.86 alloy compared to the ternary Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24 alloy and Mg.

A review of procedures of purification and chemical modification of carbon nanotubes with bromine

ABSTRACT In this paper, bromination methods of three morphological forms of carbon nanotubes (CNT): single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled, are reviewed along with their characteristics and purification protocols using liquid bromine. Different functionalization methods of the CNT with bromine in the liquid, gas and plasma phases, using electrochemical and electrothermal method, under microwave conditions in the presence of Lewis acids or radical precursors are also discussed.

A stereogenic heteroatom-containing substituent as an inducer of chirality in the derivatives of thiophenes (mono, oligo, and poly), fullerenes C60, and multiwalled nanotubes

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abstract Synthetic procedures applied recently in our laboratory for the preparation of a new thiophene, fullerene C60 and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) derivatives functionalized with a substituent containing an achiral and/or a stereogenic heteroatom are reviewed. Polymerization reactions of selected optically active 2-(3′-thienyl)ethyl aryl(alkyl) sulfoxides and tert-butyl-[2-(3′-thienyl)ethyl]phenylphosphine oxide are also mentioned. Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of the presented protocols are discussed.

Carbon nanotubes functionalized with sulfur, selenium, or phosphorus or substituents containing these elements

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) doped with sulfur, selenium, or phosphorus atom or functionalized with substituents containing these elements (including a stereogenic heteroatom) is presented in this mini-review. Structural studies of newly isolated derivatives based on suitably selected spectroscopic techniques are also discussed briefly. Chances for applications of obtained carbon nanotubes doped with these heteroatoms or functionalized with substituents containing these heteroatoms are also mentioned.

Chromium substitution effect on structural and electrochemical behavior of Li-Cr-Ni-O oxides

The chromium-substituted LiCrxNi1−xO2 oxides were prepared from lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H2O), NiO, and Cr2O3. The structure of Li1.5Cr0.5NiO3 phase has been investigated by means of X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction (space group P-3m1, a = 2.9256(1), c = 7.1539(2) Å). The relations between Li1.5Cr0.5NiO3 structure, rhombohedral LiNiO2, and NiO are described by a group-subgroup scheme on the basis of Bärnighausen formalism. Electronic structures were calculated applying the TB-LMTO-ASA 4.7 program. The maximum of electron localization function (ELF) was obtained around the oxygen atoms. Features of the crystal structure of the trigonal Li1.5Cr0.5NiO3 phase cause lower electrode capacity compared to rhombohedral LiNiO2.

Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of the Li-doped ZnO

In this study, attention was directed at the interactions between Li-doped ZnO systems and rye cereal. The interaction of cereal grains and straws with the transition metal ions is of biochemical importance primarily due to the presence of those complexes in biological systems. Metal/cereal chemistry plays a crucial role in the cross-linking of various biomolecules, and formed systems seem to be promising for various applications, such as material for the production of carbonizate and gaseous substances, which allows for the preparation of second generation biofuels. In the study of cereal/metal complexes, thermogravimetric measurements were performed in order to explain the influence of ZnO and Li2xZn1−xO oxides on the thermal decomposition of rye grains in relation to their application for biofuel production. The possibility of generation of volatile products and carbonizate was considered. The characterization of carbonizate and volatile products was made. The catalytic properties of Li2xZn1−xO phases in the decomposition of cereal grains were confirmed through thermal analysis. The thermal degradation of rye grains was catalyzed by Li-doped ZnO systems. Superior degradation to volatile products depended upon both the botanical origin of the cereal and the catalyzing system.

Carbon nanotubes functionalized by salts containing stereogenic heteroatoms as electrodes in their battery cells

Abstract This paper concentrates on electrochemical properties of groups of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized with substituents containing a stereogenic heteroatom bonded covalently to the surface of the carbon nanotube. This system was tested in Swagelok-type cells. The cells comprised a system (functionalized CNT with salts containing S and P atoms) with a working electrode, microfiber separators soaked with electrolyte solution, and a lithium foil counter/reference (commercial LiCoO2) electrode. The electrolyte solution was 1 M LiPF6 in propylene carbonate. Using standard techniques (cyclic voltammetry/chronopotentiometry), galvanostatic cycling was performed on the cells at room temperature with a CH Instruments Model 600E potentiostat/galvanostat electrochemical measurements. Methods of functionalization CNT were compared in terms of the electrochemical properties of the studied systems. In all systems, the process of charge/discharge was observed.