Dana Griffin

Bryophyte Diversity of Ficus Tree Crowns from Cloud Forest and Pasture in Costa Rica

A total of 127 bryophyte species (50 mosses, 76 liverworts, and 1 hornwort) was encountered in the inner crowns of six Ficus tuerckheimmi trees in a lower montane wet forest landscape: 109 on three intact forest trees and 76 on three isolated trees. Fifty-two species were found only on the intact forest trees, while only 18 species were exclusive to the isolated trees. Bryophyte species richness, bryophyte cover, and the frequency of pendents, tall turfs, tails, and fans were significantly higher in intact forest trees. Inner crowns of isolated trees had higher rates of evaporation, had higher macrolichen cover, and were more exposed to sunlight than inner crowns of intact forest trees. Ordination analysis revealed one dominant pattern in bryophyte composition in the inner canopy: a desiccation gradient ranging from sheltered sites in the intact forest trees to exposed sites in the isolated trees.

Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Studies on the Bartramiaceae

The Bartramiaceae are divided into three subfamilies: the Bartramioideae, the Breu- telioideae subfam. nov., and the Conostomoideae subfam. nov. A key to the subfamilies and genera of the Bartramiaceae is provided. Axillary hairs are particularly useful in the phylogenetic assessment and they are illustrated for all the genera of the Bartramiaceae as well as for the genera in allied families, i.e., Meesiaceae, Timmiaceae, andAulacomniaceae. The Catoscopiaceae are synonymized with the Bartramiaceae and Catoscopium is considered allied to Plagiopus. Other characters used in phylogenetic speculation are stem anatomy, spore morphology, rhizoid ornamentation, and chromosome numbers. The Bartramioideae contain Bartramia, Catoscopium, Leiomela, Plagiopus, and Flowersia gen. nov. (a segregate of Anacolia s.l.). The Conostomoideae are monotypic. The Breutelioideae accommodate Breutelia, Philonotis, Anacolia, Fleischerobryum, and Quathlamba. The sections of Breutelia are typified. Bartramidula is shown to be polyphyletic and is synonymized with Philonotis; the appropriate combinations are made. A new species of Philonotis, P. sharpiana, from Mexico is described. A dendrogram is presented to summarize the phylogenetic speculations.

A Comparison of Breutelia subarcuata (C. Muell.) Schimp. in Besch. and B. chrysea (C. Muell.) Jaeg. in Latin America

Breutelia subarcuata (C. Muell.) Schimp. in Besch. and B. chrysea (C. Muell.) Jaeg. are sympatric through much of their respective ranges, and, because of similar vegetative mor- phologies, sterile collections of these species have often been confused. A study offertile and sterile collections of both species, including the types, reveals that these species can be distinguished on the basis of sporophyte morphology and leaf shape. Breutelia chrysea is reported as new to Mexico, Guatemala and Bolivia. During a study of the New World representatives of Breutelia, which included an examination of most of the relevant types, I have come across a prevalent case of confusion, both in the literature and in the determination of collections, involving B. subar- cuata (C. Muell.) Schimp. in Besch. and B. chrysea (C. Muell.) Jaeg. Plants of both species are similar in size, habit, alar cell areolation and size and pap- illosity of cells of the mid-leaf and acumen. I have discovered several fertile collections of both species that have aided me in discerning certain differences between these species. These differences are given in Table 1.

Philonotis corticata, New from Mexico

Philonotis corticata, described as a new species from Mexico, is made distinctive by large outer stem cells and leaves with excurrent costa, plane margins, and short cells centrally papillose at back. The genus Philonotis, like so many others of wet habitats, shows considerable variation from one collection to another and often intergradations between species or intangible differences that are difficult to see, to remember, or to convey adequately by description. The nine Mexican species are not as difficult to deal with, perhaps, as those of the northern latitudes, yet they offer some problems in interpretation-in the great variability of the P. uncinata-glaucescens-gracillima complex, for example. It is a pleasure to describe Philonotis corticata as a new species with obvious and substantial differences from any of its compatriots. To make those differences more apparent, we offer the following key to the species of Mexico: KEY TO SPECIES OF PHILONOTIS IN MEXICO 1. Leaf cells centrally papillose 2. Papillae restricted to the dorsal surface --------------------P. corticata Crum & Griffin 2. Papillae on both surfaces --------------------P. scabrifolia (Hook. f. & Wils.) Braithw. 1. Leaf cells papillose at one or both ends (or occasionally smooth) 3. Leaf cells up to 15 gm or broader; most cells smooth -----P. hastata (Duby) Wijk & Marg. 3. Leaf cells rarely more than 10 ~m broad; most cells papillose 4. Papillae at lower ends of cells ---------------------------P. fontana (Hedw.) Brid. 4. Papillae from the upper or occasionally both ends of cells 5. Leaf cells papillose at one or both ends; leaf margins plane, singly toothed ------------------------------------------------P. marchica (Hedw.) Brid. 5. Leaf cells papillose only at the upper ends; margins revolute, doubly toothed 6. Autoicous --------------------------------------P. longiseta (Mx.) Britt. 6. Dioicous 7. Plants elongate, prostrate or laxly ascending, flexuose, irregularly branched --------------------------P. elongata (Dism.) Crum & Steere 7. Plants stout, erect, not flexuose, unbranched or with subfloral whorls of branches 8. Costa subpercurrent to shortly excurrent; marginal serrations rather blunt -------------------------------P. uncinata (Schwaegr.) Brid. 8. Costa long-excurrent as a toothed point; marginal serrations rather sharp ---------------P. sphaerocarpa (Hedw.) Brid. Philonotis corticata sp. nov. (FIG. 1-4) Plantae parvae, ca. 1.5 cm altae, erecto-flexuosae, subsimplices, obscure virides, inferne fuscae, caulis cellulis externis permagnis hyalinisque. Folia erecta, sicca plus minus incurva, ca. 1.2 mm 007-2745/81/399-401

Rhynchostegiella attenuata Bartr. (Brachytheciaceae): A Synonym of Lindigia aciculata (Tayl.) Hampe (Meteoriaceae)

0.45/0 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.17 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 04:30:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 400 BRYOLOGIST [Volume 84

Ditrichum (Ditrichaceae, Musci) in the Americas. I. Ditrichum venezuelanum a Synonym of Ditrichum bogotense

Rhynchostegiella attenuata Bartr. from Ecuador is reduced to a synonym of Lindigia aciculata (Tayl.) Hampe. The two genera share several morphological features but differ in their habits, perichaetial leaves and exothecial cells. While examining some neotropical moss collec- tions on a recent visit to the Farlow Herbarium, I came across the type for Rhynchostegiella attenuata Bartr. and thought it closely resembled Lindigia aciculata (Tayl.) Hampe. Later, when I had the op- portunity to examine the type for Lindigia acicu- lata, I concluded that the two species are, in fact, the same. In trying to answer the question why Bartram would have confused these two species belonging to different genera, I made a cursory study of several species and collections of each genus and can now appreciate that between these two genera there are several shared morphological characters which could, on occasion, lead to misidentifications. By his mistake, Bartram actually highlighted an inter- esting problem. Rhynchostegiella attenuata is based on a Villa- vicentia collection (No. 137) made along the Napo River in Ecuador (Bartram 1934). There is no sub- strate included with the type and very few of the original primary rhizomatous stems are present. Lindigia is comprised of frondose plants typically growing in tufts. Rhynchostegiella is comprised of creeping weft-formers and lacks the rhizomatous system of an isobryalean moss. Beyond this basic habit difference, the general aspect of the plants in both genera can be quite similar. In both the sec- ondary stems are regularly to irregularly pinnate, and the leaves, when dry, often are longitudinally curled and shrunk, expanding considerably when wetted. The leaves are ovate-lanceolate with a slen- der nerve reaching to mid-leaf or slightly beyond. Leaves of Lindigia tend to be more cordate than those of Rhynchostegiella and are somewhat de- current. Leaf margins in both genera are serrulate to denticulate to below mid-leaf, and the laminal

Philonotis buckii sp. nov. from Southern Mexico

Ditrichum venezuelanum Griffin from Venezuela is shown to be both autoicous, and synonymous with Ditrichum bogotense (Hampe) Broth. from Colombia. The types and other material of American species in the genus Ditrichum are currently being studied as part of a world monograph by the senior author. The great latitudinal range across both hemispheres, the habitat variation and past geological history, and its impacts on phytogeography and speciation make the North-South American continental land

Notes on Frullania cobrensis Gott. ex Steph. in Cuba & Florida

Philonotis buckii, a previously undescribed speciesfrom southern Mexico, has a globose, leptodermous, irregularly rugulose capsule with a double peristome. The gametophytes are dioicous. This particular combination of features is unique in the genus and further closes the conceptual distance between Philonotis and the previously recognized genus Bartramidula.

Species richness and origin of the bryophyte flora of the Colombian Andes

Frullania cobrensis Gott. ex Steph. is reported from five previously uncited counties in Florida. The species is considered widespread in peninsular Florida but with a restricted ecology. It is limited mainly to Taxodium-hardwoods swamps but with infrequent occurrences in white mangrove communities and pine flatwoods. Frullania cobrensis Gott. ex Steph. is one of the least understood and rarest species of the genus native to North America. That, at least, would be a reasonable conclusion based on the very few collections made and the limited literature. Excluding secondary references such as checklists, we have found only four publications in which the species is cited (and supposedly seen by the authors) since the original description (Stephani 1894) until the latest reference by Redfearn in 1952. Our own field work with Florida bryophytes leads us to a different conclusion. While F. cobrensis is not common, it is widespread in peninsular Florida and is hardly rare. It does have a rather restricted ecology, one which has been touched upon only superficially in the literature. General collectors, and even some specialists, could easily overlook these plants, an inference which, if correct, would explain the paucity of material in herbaria. In this paper we review the history of the species in the literature, develop a more detailed picture of the habitat types in which F. cobrensis is found and provide an updated map of its known distribution. HISTORY OF THE SPECIES The original material of F. cobrensis was collected by Charles Wright in or near El Cobre, Cuba, a small town just to the west of Santiago in the southeastern part of the island. Notes included with the type give the date of 5 December but with the year omitted. Wright was in this part of Cuba during 1856-1858 (Sayre 1975), and it is probable that the collection was made sometime during this three year span. The Wright collection reached Gottsche who described it (Stephani 1894). The next reference to this species was by Evans (1912) in a paper describing a new Frullania from Florida, F. rappii (since synonymized under F. inflata Gott.-Frye & Clark 1937-1947), which the author compared with F. cobrensis. The first citation of a collection of F. cobrensis, other than the type, occurred in another paper by Evans (1913). This collection was from Sanford, Florida (Rapp 57). Rapp made several additional collections of this species, mostly in and around Sanford (Seminole Co.). Some of the material was distributed by Verdoorn in his Hepaticae Selectae et Criticae (series VI, 1933; No. 292) with the label notation: ad Cupressos, xerophila, photophila vel subphotophila. The reference to Cupressus is an error. The substrate was undoubtedly branches of Taxodium. Verdoorn may have simply copied field notes from Rapp or may have presumed Cupressus to be the genus intended by Evans in the 1913 paper wherein maple and cypress are cited as the substrates on which Rapp 57 was collected. The species was not mentioned again until 1947 when it was described and illustrated in part V 007-2745/82/438-441

Moss diversity of the tropical Andes.

0.55/0 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.64 on Sat, 03 Sep 2016 04:41:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1982] GRIFFIN, III & BREIL: FRULLANIA COBRENSIS 439